Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21164016›Full record

ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2010

New genes in Drosophila quickly become essential.

Sidi Chen, Yong E Zhang, Manyuan Long

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 186 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
186citing papers in PubMed
7.2field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

186 citing papers in PubMed, 299 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Evolutionary innovation through fusion of sequences from across the tree of life.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Impact of GC content on de novo gene birth.Nature communications · 2026
    Article
  7. De Novo Genes: Current Status and Future Goals.Genome biology and evolution · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Orphan genes are not a distinct biological entity.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2025
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Horticulture research · 2024
    Article
  18. De Novo Genes.Annual review of genetics · 2024
    Review
  19. Review
  20. Article

126 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Sidi ChenDepartment of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago, 1101 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Yong E Zhang
Manyuan Long
University of Chicago · US

Funding

Detection of Distribution of New Genes in Drosophila PhylogenyR01GM078070 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI LONG, MANYUAN · 2007 to 2010
$1.5M
Variation of D. melanogaster chromosome 4R01GM065429 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI LONG, MANYUAN NO · 2003 to 2006
$1.1M
NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM065429NIGMS NIH HHS R01GM065429-01A1NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM078070NIGMS NIH HHS R01GM078070-01A1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To investigate the origin and evolution of essential genes, we identified and phenotyped 195 young protein-coding genes, which originated 3 to 35 million years ago in Drosophila. Knocking down expression with RNA interference showed that 30% of newly arisen genes are essential for viability. The proportion of genes that are essential is similar in every evolutionary age group that we examined. Under constitutive silencing of these young essential genes, lethality was high in the pupal stage and also found in the larval stages. Lethality was attributed to diverse cellular and developmental defects, such as organ formation and patterning defects. These data suggest that new genes frequently and rapidly evolve essential functions and participate in development.

Indexed as

Evolution, MolecularGenes, EssentialGenes, InsectAmino Acid SubstitutionAnimalsBody PatterningDrosophilaDrosophila melanogasterDrosophila ProteinsGene DuplicationGene Expression ProfilingGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalLarvaMetamorphosis, BiologicalPhenotypePhylogenyDrosophila Proteins

Identifiers

PMID21164016
PMCPMC7211344
OpenAlexW1987553882

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.