Trial reportJournal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)2011
Double-blind, randomised, parallel group pilot study comparing two botulinum toxin type A products for the treatment of blepharospasm.
Trial report in Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative efficacy and safety of botulinum neurotoxin type A in blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Pooled it
- Guideline
- Dystonia.BMJ clinical evidence · 2014Pooled it
- Dystonia rating scales: critique and recommendations.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2013Pooled it
- Botulinum toxin as treatment for focal dystonia: a systematic review of the pharmaco-therapeutic and pharmaco-economic value.Journal of neurology · 2012Pooled it
- A patient-initiated treatment model for blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm: a randomized controlled trial.BMC neurology · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Long-term efficacy and safety of incobotulinumtoxinA injections in patients with cervical dystonia.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2013Trial
- Sustained efficacy and safety of repeated incobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin(®)) injections in blepharospasm.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2013Trial
- Botulinum toxin treatment for multiple sclerosis and post-stroke spasticity in clinical practice: differences in injection doses and patterns.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2026Article
- Switox: Retrospective Analysis of Botulinum Toxin Switching in Management of Spasticity.Toxins · 2025Article
- A pilot exploratory study for analysis of clinical features and plasma catecholamines in blepharospasm.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- The Multispecialty Toxin: A Literature Review of Botulinum Toxin.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2022Article
- Immunogenicity of Botulinum Toxin Formulations: Potential Therapeutic Implications.Advances in therapy · 2021Review
- Smell and taste in idiopathic blepharospasm.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2021Article
- Botulinum Toxin in Movement Disorders: An Update.Toxins · 2021Review
- FDA Approvals and Consensus Guidelines for Botulinum Toxins in the Treatment of Dystonia.Toxins · 2020Review
- Article
- Botulinum Toxin Treatment of Movement Disorders.Current treatment options in neurology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the primary treatment for focal dystonias such as blepharospasm. Several different BoNT products are available in various countries. Given the variability in manufacturing, formulation, and unit doses of BoNTs, it is important to compare the profiles of products from different manufacturers. This double-blind, randomised, parallel-group pilot study compared the efficacy and safety of the BoNT type A product Xeomin® from Merz to BOTOX® from Allergan. Subjects (n = 65) were randomly assigned to receive one or the other BoNTA in a 1:1 proportion at a dose equal to that of their most recent treatment (≥20 U/eye). Symptoms were assessed on the Blepharospasm Disability Index (BSDI), Jankovic Rating Scale (JRS), and Patient Global Assessment (PGA) scale at 4 and 8 weeks. Both BoNTA products reduced scores on the BSDI and JRS (no statistically significant difference, tendency toward greater improvements with BOTOX® than Xeomin® at 4 and 8 weeks). A post hoc analysis showed a significantly greater number of BOTOX® treated patients reaching a responder threshold of 4 points on the total BSDI score and 0.67 points on the BSDI mean item score. No significant differences between products were noted in PGA and adverse events at the doses used in this study.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.