ArticleAAPS PharmSciTech2011
Formulation and in vitro evaluation of xanthan gum or carbopol 934-based mucoadhesive patches, loaded with nicotine.
Article in AAPS PharmSciTech, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Thermosensitive, mucoadhesive brivaracetam nasal gel: a promising strategy for targeted relief of epilepsy.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- Development and Characterization of Niaprazine-Loaded Xanthan Gum-Based Gel for Oral Administration.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
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- Calcitermin-Loaded Smart Gels Activity againstGels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Advances in Xanthan Gum-Based Systems for the Delivery of Therapeutic Agents.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Assessment of Binary Agarose-Carbopol Buccal Gels for Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery: Ex Vivo and In Vivo Characterization.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Development of Novel Unfolding Film System of Itopride Hydrochloride Using Box-Behnken Design-A Gastro Retentive Approach.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Evaluating Novel Agarose-Based Buccal Gels Scaffold: Mucoadhesive and Pharmacokinetic Profiling in Healthy Volunteers.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Preparation and Evaluation of Polyvinylpyrrolidone Electrospun Nanofiber Patches of Pioglitazone for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2022Article
- Biomedical Applications of Bacteria-Derived Polymers.Polymers · 2021Review
- Gellan Gum-Based Bilayer Mucoadhesive Films Loaded with Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride and Clove Oil for Possible Treatment of Periodontitis.Drug design, development and therapy · 2021Article
- Xanthan gum derivatives: review of synthesis, properties and diverse applications.RSC advances · 2020Review
- Chitosan and its Derivatives for Ocular Delivery Formulations: Recent Advances and Developments.Polymers · 2020Review
- Article
- Buccal Bullfrog (Pharmaceutics · 2018Article
- Optimized Chitosan/Anion Polyelectrolyte Complex Based Inserts for Vaginal Delivery of Fluconazole: In Vitro/In Vivo Evaluation.Pharmaceutics · 2018Article
- Comparison of Pectin Layers for Nicotine Transdermal Patch Preparation.Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2018Article
- A clinical perspective on mucoadhesive buccal drug delivery systems.Journal of biomedical research · 2014Review
- Development and in vitro Evaluation of Cannabidiol Mucoadhesive Buccal Film Formulations Using Hot-Melt Extrusion Technology.Medical cannabis and cannabinoidsArticle
- Development of floating chitosan-xanthan beads for oral controlled release of glipizide.International journal of pharmaceutical investigationArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bilayer nicotine mucoadhesive patches were prepared and evaluated to determine the feasibility of the formulation as a nicotine replacement product to aid in smoking cessation. Nicotine patches were prepared using xanthan gum or carbopol 934 as a mucoadhesive polymers and ethyl cellulose as a backing layer. The patches were evaluated for their thickness, weight and content uniformity, swelling behavior, drug-polymers interaction, adhesive properties, and drug release. The physicochemical interactions between nicotine and the polymers were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Mucoadhesion was assessed using two-arm balance method, and the in vitro release was studied using the Franz cell. FTIR revealed that there was an acid base interaction between nicotine and carbopol as well as nicotine and xanthan. Interestingly, the mucoadhesion and in vitro release studies indicated that this interaction was strong between the drug and carbopol whereas it was weak between the drug and xanthan. Loading nicotine concentration to non-medicated patches showed a significant decrease in the mucoadhesion strength of carbopol patches and no significant effect on the mucoadhesion strength of xanthan patches. In vitro release studies of the xanthan patches showed a reasonable fast initial release profile followed by controlled drug release over a 10-h period.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.