Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21161425›Full record

ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2011

Medical tourism services available to residents of the United States.

Brandon W Alleman, Tana Luger, Heather Schacht Reisinger, Rene Martin, Michael D Horowitz, Peter Cram

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Evidence on global medical travel.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2015
    Review
  7. Patient mobility in the global marketplace: a multidisciplinary perspective.International journal of health policy and management · 2014
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Brandon W AllemanUniversity of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. brandon-alleman@uiowa.edu
Tana Luger
Heather Schacht Reisinger
Rene Martin
Michael D Horowitz
Peter Cram

Funding

MEDICAL SCIENTIST TRAINING PROGRAMT32GM007337 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI GEYER, PAMELA K., LENTZ, STEVEN R · 1985 to 2020
$15.9M
Cardiac care in specialty and general hospitalsR01HL085347 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI CRAM, PETER M · 2007 to 2010
$2.7M
NCRR NIH HHS RR01997201NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL085347NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL085347-01A1NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007337
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThere are growing reports of United States (US) residents traveling overseas for medical care, but empirical data about medical tourism are limited.

objectiveTo characterize the businesses and business practices of entities promoting medical tourism and the types and costs of procedures being offered. DESIGN, PARTICIPANTS, AND OUTCOMES: Between June and August 2008, we conducted a telephone survey of all businesses engaged in facilitating overseas medical travel for US residents. We collected information from each company including: the number of employees; number of patients referred overseas; medical records security processes; destinations to which patients were referred; treatments offered; treatment costs; and whether patient outcomes were collected.

resultsWe identified 63 medical tourism companies and 45 completed our survey (71%). Companies had a mean of 9.8 employees and had referred an average of 285 patients overseas (a total of approximately 13,500 patients). 35 (79%) companies reported requiring accreditation of foreign providers, 22 (50%) collected patient outcome data, but only 17 (39%) described formal medical records security policies. The most common destinations were India (23 companies, 55%), Costa Rica (14, 33%), and Thailand (12, 29%). The most common types of care included orthopedics (32 companies, 73%), cardiac care (23, 52%), and cosmetic surgery (29, 66%). 20 companies (44%) offered treatments not approved for use in the US--most commonly stem cell therapy. Average costs for common procedures, CABG ($18,600) and knee arthroplasty ($10,800), were similar to previous reports.

conclusionsThe number of Americans traveling overseas for medical care with assistance from medical tourism companies is relatively small. Attention to medical records security and patient outcomes is variable and cost-savings are dependent on US prices. That said, overseas medical care can be a reasonable alternative for price sensitive patients in need of relatively common, elective medical procedures.

Indexed as

Residence CharacteristicsData CollectionElective Surgical ProceduresHealth Services AccessibilityHumansMarketingMedical RecordsMedical TourismQuality of Health CareTravelUnited States

Identifiers

PMID21161425
PMCPMC3077479

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.