ArticleClinical and vaccine immunology : CVI2011
Toll-like receptor 4 gene (TLR4), but not TLR2, polymorphisms modify the risk of tonsillar disease due to Streptococcus pyogenes and Haemophilus influenzae.
Article in Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- The relationship between 896A/G (rs4986790) polymorphism ofFrontiers in genetics · 2022Pooled it
- The role of TLR4 896 A>G and 1196 C>T in susceptibility to infections: a review and meta-analysis of genetic association studies.PloS one · 2013Pooled it
- Innate Immune Gene Polymorphisms and COVID-19 Prognosis.Viruses · 2023Article
- TLR2 and TLR4 activity in monocytes and macrophages after exposure to amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline and erythromycin.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2022Article
- Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Toll-like Receptor 4 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma-A Single-Center Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Interindividual immunogenic variants: Susceptibility to coronavirus, respiratory syncytial virus and influenza virus.Reviews in medical virology · 2021Review
- Innate Receptor Activation Patterns Involving TLR and NLR Synergisms in COVID-19, ALI/ARDS and Sepsis Cytokine Storms: A Review and Model Making Novel Predictions and Therapeutic Suggestions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- An analysis of the histomorphometric and clinical significance of mucosal biofilm in tonsil tissue of the children with a history of recurrent/chronic tonsillitis in both the mother and father.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2020Article
- The Psoriasis Risk AlleleInfection and immunity · 2018Article
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- Toll-like receptor 4 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis and review.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2015Review
- The Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphism Asp299Gly but not Thr399Ile influences TLR4 signaling and function.PloS one · 2014Article
- Toll-like receptor polymorphisms, inflammatory and infectious diseases, allergies, and cancer.Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research · 2013Review
- Loss of TLR2 worsens spontaneous colitis in MDR1A deficiency through commensally induced pyroptosis.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2013Article
- Heterozygous alterations of TNFRSF13B/TACI in tonsillar hypertrophy and sarcoidosis.Clinical & developmental immunology · 2013Article
- Psychotropic effects of antimicrobials and immune modulation by psychotropics: implications for neuroimmune disorders.Neuropsychiatry · 2012Article
- Association of TLR4 polymorphism with cytokine expression level and pulmonary lesion score in pigs.Molecular biology reports · 2012Article
- The Asp299Gly polymorphism alters TLR4 signaling by interfering with recruitment of MyD88 and TRIF.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2012Article
- The Role of TLR2 in Infection and Immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tonsillar disease (recurrent tonsillitis and/or tonsillar hypertrophy) is one of the most common human disorders, with Streptococcus pyogenes (group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus [GAS]) and Haemophilus influenzae representing the most common pathogens. Until now, no study has investigated why some individuals are more susceptible to tonsillar infections caused by specific bacteria than others. The aim of this study was to uncover possible associations between common Toll-like receptor gene (TLR) polymorphisms and tonsillar disease. The TLR2-R753Q, TLR4-D299G, and TLR4-T399I polymorphisms were determined in a cohort of 327 patients subjected to tonsillectomy due to recurrent tonsillitis (n = 245) and tonsillar hypertrophy (n = 82) and 245 healthy bone marrow donors. Associations of the aforementioned polymorphisms with the isolated bacterial strains after tonsillectomy were also investigated. Interestingly, carriers of the TLR4 polymorphisms displayed an approximately 3-fold increased risk for GAS infections (for TLR4-D299G, odds ratio [OR] = 2.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16 to 6.79, P = 0.038; for TLR4-T399I, OR = 3.01, 95% CI = 1.29 to 7.02, P = 0.023), and this association was more profound in patients with recurrent tonsillitis. On the contrary, the presence of the TLR4-T399I polymorphism was associated with a 2-fold decreased risk of Haemophilus influenzae carriage (OR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.15 to 0.96, P = 0.038). In the end, no significant differences were observed, considering the genotype and allele frequencies of the above-mentioned polymorphisms, between patients and controls. Our findings indicate that, regarding tonsillar infections, TLR4 polymorphisms predispose individuals to GAS infection, while they are protective against Haemophilus influenzae infection. This result further elucidates the role that host immune genetic variations might play in the susceptibility to common infections and tonsillar disease.
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