ReviewCardiovascular research2011
Ischaemic heart disease in women: are there sex differences in pathophysiology and risk factors? Position paper from the working group on coronary pathophysiology and microcirculation of the European Society of Cardiology.
Review in Cardiovascular research, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Are women with type 2 diabetes mellitus more susceptible to cardiovascular complications following coronary angioplasty?: a meta-analysis.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2017Pooled it
- Social Isolation and Incident Heart Failure Hospitalization in Older Women: Women's Health Initiative Study Findings.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2022Trial
- Design of the Middle East African Registry for Women's Cardiovascular Diseases: Protocol for a Multicenter Observational Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Methodological considerations regarding sex-related survival differences after off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery.Postepy w kardiologii interwencyjnej = Advances in interventional cardiology · 2026Article
- Exploring sex bias in cardiometabolic diseases.Lipids in health and disease · 2026Review
- "Pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation as a marker of global coronary inflammation rather than lesion-specific risk".Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Association of metabolic indices with in-stent restenosis and its angiographic severity after drug-eluting stent implantation: a case-control study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Impact of apparent temperature on specific cardiovascular disease admissions: a time-series study and association modification in Xiangyang, China.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Sex-Specific Patterns and Predictors of Reverse Left Ventricular Remodeling and Outcomes in STEMI Patients with LVEF ≤ 50% After Successful Primary Angioplasty.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Lactation duration and ischemic heart disease among parous postmenopausal females from a prospective cohort study.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Therapeutic Potential of Gasdermin D-Mediated Myocardial Pyroptosis in Ischaemic Heart Disease: Expanding the Paradigm From Bench to Clinical Insights.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Review
- Bridging Care Gaps for Older Women Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.Interventional cardiology clinics · 2025Review
- Spatial-temporal characteristics and prediction of ischemic heart disease burden in the working population aged 15 to 59 years in China.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Gender differences in cardiac rehabilitation participation and outcomes: an 18-year retrospective study in Iran.The Egyptian heart journal : (EHJ) : official bulletin of the Egyptian Society of Cardiology · 2024Article
- Vasodilator reactive oxygen species ameliorate perturbed myocardial oxygen delivery in exercising swine with multiple comorbidities.Basic research in cardiology · 2024Article
- Skin sympathetic nerve activity and ST-segment depression in women.Heart rhythm O2 · 2024Article
- Psychological Health and Ischemic Heart Disease in Women: A Review of Current Evidence and Clinical Considerations across the Healthspan.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2024Review
- The Development of a Chest-Pain Protocol for Women Presenting to the Emergency Department.CJC open · 2024Review
- Impact of age and sex on myelopoiesis and inflammation during myocardial infarction.Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology · 2024Review
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in women, and knowledge of the clinical consequences of atherosclerosis and CVD in women has grown tremendously over the past 20 years. Research efforts have increased and many reports on various aspects of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in women have been published highlighting sex differences in pathophysiology, presentation, and treatment of IHD. Data, however, remain limited. A description of the state of the science, with recognition of the shortcomings of current data, is necessary to guide future research and move the field forward. In this report, we identify gaps in existing literature and make recommendations for future research. Women largely share similar cardiovascular risk factors for IHD with men; however, women with suspected or confirmed IHD have less coronary atherosclerosis than men, even though they are older and have more cardiovascular risk factors than men. Coronary endothelial dysfunction and microvascular disease have been proposed as important determinants in the aetiology and prognosis of IHD in women, but research is limited on whether sex differences in these mechanisms truly exist. Differences in the epidemiology of IHD between women and men remain largely unexplained, as we are still unable to explain why women are protected towards IHD until older age compared with men. Eventually, a better understanding of these processes and mechanisms may improve the prevention and the clinical management of IHD in women.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.