Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21157438›Full record

ArticleMolecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy2011

DAI (DLM-1/ZBP1) as a genetic adjuvant for DNA vaccines that promotes effective antitumor CTL immunity.

Alvaro Lladser, Dimitrios Mougiakakos, Helena Tufvesson, Maarten A Ligtenberg, Andrew Fg Quest, Rolf Kiessling, Karl Ljungberg

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed
2.2field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. PANoptosis and Immune Remodeling in the Tumor Microenvironment.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026
    Review
  3. Emerging Strategies of Cell and Gene Therapy Targeting Tumor Immune Microenvironment.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Alvaro LladserImmune and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Alvaro.Lladser@gmail.com
Dimitrios Mougiakakos
Helena Tufvesson
Maarten A Ligtenberg
Andrew Fg Quest
Rolf Kiessling
Karl Ljungberg
Karolinska Institutet · SEUniversity of Chile · CL

Funding

Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust WT06491I/Z/01/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

DNA vaccination is an attractive approach to induce antigen-specific cytotoxic CD8(+) T lymphocytes (CTLs), which can mediate protective antitumor immunity. The potency of DNA vaccines encoding weakly immunogenic tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) can be enhanced by codelivering gene-encoded adjuvants. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that sense intracellular DNA could potentially be used to harness intrinsic immune-stimulating properties of plasmid DNA vaccines. Consequently, the cytosolic DNA sensor, DNA-dependent activator of interferon (IFN) regulatory factors (DAI), was used as a genetic adjuvant. In vivo electroporation (EP) of mice with a DAI-encoding plasmid (pDAI) promoted transcription of genes encoding type I IFNs, proinflammatory cytokines, and costimulatory molecules. Coimmunization with pDAI and antigen-encoding plasmids enhanced in vivo antigen-specific proliferation, and induction of effector and memory CTLs. Moreover, codelivery of pDAI effectively promoted CTL and CD4(+) Th1 responses to the TAA survivin. The DAI-enhanced CTL induction required nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation and type I IFN signaling, but did not involve the IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). Codelivery of pDAI also increased CTL responses to the melanoma-associated antigen tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP2), enhanced tumor rejection and conferred long-term protection against B16 melanoma challenge. This study constitutes "proof-of-principle" validating the use of intracellular PRRs as genetic adjuvants to enhance DNA vaccine potency.

Indexed as

GlycoproteinsVaccines, DNAAdaptive ImmunityAdjuvants, ImmunologicAnimalsGene Expression RegulationImmunity, InnateInhibitor of Apoptosis ProteinsIntramolecular OxidoreductasesLymphocyte ActivationMelanoma, ExperimentalMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutNeoplasmsPlasmidsAdjuvants, ImmunologicBirc5 protein, mousedopachrome isomeraseGlycoproteinsInhibitor of Apoptosis ProteinsIntramolecular OxidoreductasesRepressor ProteinsRNA-Binding ProteinsSurvivinVaccines, DNAZbp1 protein, mouse

Identifiers

PMID21157438
PMCPMC3048184
OpenAlexW1998206819

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.