ArticleRapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM2011
A new liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method for 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) in urine.
Article in Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ancestry informative genetic variants associated with tobacco metabolic and detoxification capacity measured by 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) among smokers.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Brain distribution and metabolic profiling of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone in rats investigated by UHPLC-HRMS/MS following peripheral administration.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2023Article
- The Cancer Prevention Project of Philadelphia: preliminary findings examining diversity among the African diaspora.Ethnicity & health · 2021Article
- Biomarkers of exposure to new and emerging tobacco delivery products.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2017Review
- Mass spectrometry-based approaches to targeted quantitative proteomics in cardiovascular disease.Clinical proteomics · 2016Review
- Serum apolipoprotein A-1 quantification by LC-MS with a SILAC internal standard reveals reduced levels in smokers.Bioanalysis · 2015Article
- Urinary biomarkers of smokers' exposure to tobacco smoke constituents in tobacco products assessment: a fit for purpose approach.Biomarkers : biochemical indicators of exposure, response, and susceptibility to chemicals · 2013Article
- High throughput liquid and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assays for tobacco-specific nitrosamine and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites associated with lung cancer in smokers.Chemical research in toxicology · 2013Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is a carcinogenic nitrosamine produced upon curing tobacco. It is present in tobacco smoke and undergoes metabolism to 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) in the lungs. NNAL undergoes further uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)-mediated metabolism to give N- and O-glucuronide metabolites, which together with free (non-conjugated) NNAL are then excreted in the urine. The ability to conduct validated analyses of free and conjugated NNAL in human urine is important in order to assess inter-individual differences in lung cancer risk from exposure to cigarette smoke. The use of stable isotope dilution (SID) methodology in combination with liquid chromatography/multiple reaction monitoring/mass spectrometry (LC/MRM-MS) provides the highest bioanalytical specificity possible for such analyses. We describe a novel derivatization procedure, which results in the formation of a pre-ionized N-propyl-NNAL derivative. The increased LC/MS sensitivity arising from this derivative then makes it possible to analyze free NNAL in only 0.25 mL urine. This substantial reduction in urine volume when compared with other methods that have been developed will help preserve the limited amounts of stored urine samples that are available from on-going longitudinal biomarker studies. The new high sensitivity SID LC/MRM-MS assay was employed to determine free and conjugated NNAL concentrations in urine samples from 60 individual disease-free smokers. Effects of inter-individual differences in urinary creatinine clearance on NNAL concentrations were then assessed and three metabolizer phenotypes were identified in the 60 subjects from the ratio of urinary NNAL glucuronides/free NNAL. Poor metabolizers (PMs, 14 subjects) with a ratio of NNAL glucuronides/free NNAL <2 (mean = 1.3), intermediate metabolizers (IMs, 36 subjects) with a ratio between 2 and 5 (mean = 3.4), and extensive metabolizers (EMs, 10 subjects) with a ratio >5 (mean = 11.1).
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.