ReviewLung2011
Clinical and imaging manifestations of hemorrhagic pulmonary leptospirosis: a state-of-the-art review.
Review in Lung, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Urban Leptospiral Meningoencephalitis Associated With Bottle Recycling: A Case Report and Literature Review.Cureus · 2026Article
- Lung Involvement in Patients with Leptospirosis in Tropical Australia; Associations, Clinical Course and Implications for Management.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Weil's Disease with Multi-Organ Dysfunction: A Diagnostic Challenge.Clinical medicine & research · 2025Article
- MicroRNA biomarkers and host response pathways in severe pulmonary hemorrhagic syndrome due to leptospirosis: A multi-omics study.The Journal of infection · 2025Article
- Determination of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and systemic immune-inflammation index in dogs with leptospirosis.Veterinary research communications · 2024Article
- Imaging analysis of pneumonic plague infection in Xizang, China: a case report and literature review.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Review
- Organ Involvement Related to Death in Critically Ill Patients With Leptospirosis: Unsupervised Analysis in a French West Indies ICU.Critical care explorations · 2024Observational
- Leptospirosis: a clinical and diagnostic challenge.BMJ case reports · 2024Article
- Weil's Disease in an HIV-Infected Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Characterization of a virulence-modifying protein ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Leptospirosis with pulmonary haemorrhage and multiple organ failure: a case report and literature review.The Journal of international medical research · 2021Review
- Severe community-acquired pneumonia caused byWorld journal of clinical cases · 2021Article
- In Vitro Anti-Leptospiral Activity ofInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Predictors of Fatal Pulmonary Haemorrhage in Dogs Affected by Leptospirosis Approaching Haemodialysis.Veterinary sciences · 2021Article
- Multiple Pulmonary Nodules in Leptospirosis.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2020Article
- Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation successfully treated a case of severe pulmonary hemorrhage caused by leptospirosis.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Bronchoalveolar lavage as a diagnostic procedure: a review of known cellular and molecular findings in various lung diseases.Journal of thoracic disease · 2020Review
- Relationship Between the Prevalence of Blood Groups and Severity of Leptospirosis: A Case-Control Study.Infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Severe leptospirosis in non-tropical areas: a nationwide, multicentre, retrospective study in French ICUs.Intensive care medicine · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Leptospirosis, a spirochetal zoonosis, is frequently unrecognized due to its manifestation as an undifferentiated fever. It is an emerging infectious disease that has changed from an occupational disease of veterinarians, farmers, butchers, and other animal handlers to a cause of epidemics in poor and decayed urban communities in developing countries. Humans are infected when mucous membranes or abraded skin come into direct contact with the urine of infected animals, especially rats and dogs. Mortality from severe leptospirosis is high, even when optimal treatment is provided. The diagnosis of leptospirosis is based on clinical findings, history of direct or indirect exposure to infected animals in endemic areas, and positive serological tests. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with febrile illnesses associated with pneumonitis and respiratory failure, especially when hemoptysis is present. Severe pulmonary involvement in leptospirosis consists primarily of hemorrhagic pneumonitis. In advanced cases, adult respiratory distress syndrome and massive pulmonary hemorrhage may occur. Chest radiographs show bilateral alveolar infiltrates and/or resemble viral pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, tuberculosis, adult respiratory distress syndrome, and other causes of pulmonary hemorrhage such as Goodpasture syndrome. High-resolution computed tomography scans may show nodular infiltrates, areas of consolidation, ground-glass attenuation, and crazy-paving patterns. Bronchoalveolar lavage and autopsy studies have suggested that ground-glass opacities and air-space consolidations are secondary to pulmonary hemorrhage. Although not specific, the presence of these computed tomography findings in a febrile patient with an appropriate history should suggest a diagnosis of leptospirosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.