Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21152030›Full record

Trial reportPloS one2010

Investigating the mechanisms of hallucinogen-induced visions using 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA): a randomized controlled trial in humans.

Matthew J Baggott, Jennifer D Siegrist, Gantt P Galloway, Lynn C Robertson, Jeremy R Coyle, John E Mendelson

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in PloS one, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00823407 (Clinical Pharmacology of MDA [3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine]), which is not on this map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.0field-weighted citation impact, top 20% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT00823407 nacompletednot on this map

Clinical Pharmacology of MDA [3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine]

TypeinterventionalSponsorCalifornia Pacific Medical Center Research InstituteRan2009 to 2009Enrolled12ConditionsHealthyArmsMDA, Placebo
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Acute effects of MDMA, MDA, lysine-MDMA, and lysine-MDA in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial in healthy participants.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026
    Trial
  3. Trial
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Matthew J BaggottAddiction and Pharmacology Research Laboratory, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, St Luke's Hospital, San Francisco, California, United States of America. matthew@baggott.net
Jennifer D Siegrist
Gantt P Galloway
Lynn C Robertson
Jeremy R Coyle
John E Mendelson
St. Luke's Hospital · USCalifornia Pacific Medical Center · USMartinez VA Medical Center · US

Funding

UCSF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE INSTITUTEUL1RR024131 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI JOHNSTON, S. CLAIBORNE · 2006 to 2011
$111.2M
Clinical Pharmacology of 3,4-Methylenedioxy AmphetaminesR01DA016776 · NIDA · CALIFORNIA PACIFIC MED CTR RES INSTITUTE · PI MENDELSON, JOHN E. · 2004 to 2010
$2.2M
Spatial Representations and AttentionR01EY016975 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI ROBERTSON, LYNN CLARINE · 2006 to 2010
$1.4M
NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR024131NEI NIH HHS EY016975NEI NIH HHS R01 EY016975NIDA NIH HHS DA016776NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA016776
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe mechanisms of drug-induced visions are poorly understood. Very few serotonergic hallucinogens have been studied in humans in decades, despite widespread use of these drugs and potential relevance of their mechanisms to hallucinations occurring in psychiatric and neurological disorders. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL

findingsWe investigated the mechanisms of hallucinogen-induced visions by measuring the visual and perceptual effects of the hallucinogenic serotonin 5-HT2AR receptor agonist and monoamine releaser, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), in a double-blind placebo-controlled study. We found that MDA increased self-report measures of mystical-type experience and other hallucinogen-like effects, including reported visual alterations. MDA produced a significant increase in closed-eye visions (CEVs), with considerable individual variation. Magnitude of CEVs after MDA was associated with lower performance on measures of contour integration and object recognition. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Drug-induced visions may have greater intensity in people with poor sensory or perceptual processing, suggesting common mechanisms with other hallucinatory syndromes. MDA is a potential tool to investigate mystical experiences and visual perception.

trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT00823407.

Indexed as

3,4-MethylenedioxyamphetamineAdultAminesCross-Over StudiesHallucinationsHallucinogensHumansMalePlacebosSerotonin 5-HT2 Receptor AgonistsSurveys and QuestionnairesVision, OcularVisual Perception3,4-MethylenedioxyamphetamineAminesHallucinogensPlacebosSerotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists

Identifiers

PMID21152030
PMCPMC2996283
OpenAlexW2001007038

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.