ArticleNature immunology2011
Uracil residues dependent on the deaminase AID in immunoglobulin gene variable and switch regions.
Article in Nature immunology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 133 citations in OpenAlex.
- B cell receptor stimulation inhibits class switch recombination through elevated DNA repair.DNA repair · 2026Article
- Unique chicken B cell development: species-specific mechanisms and contradictory requirements of B cell receptor for post-hatched B cell development.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Nucleotide level mapping of uracils in murine heavy chain switch regions shows correlation between uracilation and positions of switch junctions created during class-switch recombination.NAR molecular medicine · 2025Article
- A Germinal Center Checkpoint of AIRE in B Cells Limits Antibody Diversification.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Mechanism and regulation of secondary immunoglobulin diversification.Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) · 2023Review
- Nonamer dependent RAG cleavage at CpGs can explain mechanism of chromosomal translocations associated to lymphoid cancers.PLoS genetics · 2022Article
- Promoter Proximity Defines Mutation Window for VJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Article
- Base-Resolution Analysis of Deoxyuridine at the Genome Scale Based on the Artificial Incorporation Modified Nucleobase.ACS central science · 2021Article
- Small Molecule Inhibitors of Activation-Induced Deaminase Decrease Class Switch Recombination in B Cells.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2021Article
- Detection of Genomic Uracil Patterns.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Interplay between UNG and AID governs intratumoral heterogeneity in mature B cell lymphoma.PLoS genetics · 2020Article
- Impact of HIV-1 Vpr manipulation of the DNA repair enzyme UNG2 on B lymphocyte class switch recombination.Journal of translational medicine · 2020Article
- AID Phosphorylation Regulates Mismatch Repair-Dependent Class Switch Recombination and Affinity Maturation.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2020Article
- DNA Breaks in Ig V Regions Are Predominantly Single Stranded and Are Generated by UNG and MSH6 DNA Repair Pathways.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2019Article
- Mutating for Good: DNA Damage Responses During Somatic Hypermutation.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Unscheduled DNA synthesis leads to elevated uracil residues at highly transcribed genomic loci in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.PLoS genetics · 2018Article
- Genome-wide mapping reveals that deoxyuridine is enriched in the human centromeric DNA.Nature chemical biology · 2018Article
- JMolecular immunology · 2018Article
- R-Loop Depletion by Over-expressed RNase H1 in Mouse B Cells Increases Activation-Induced Deaminase Access to the Transcribed Strand without Altering Frequency of Isotype Switching.Journal of molecular biology · 2017Article
- Integrity of immunoglobulin variable regions is supported by GANP during AID-induced somatic hypermutation in germinal center B cells.International immunology · 2017Article
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Activation-induced deaminase (AID) initiates diversity of immunoglobulin genes through deamination of cytosine to uracil. Two opposing models have been proposed for the deamination of DNA or RNA by AID. Although most data support DNA deamination, there is no physical evidence of uracil residues in immunoglobulin genes. Here we demonstrate their presence by determining the sensitivity of DNA to digestion with uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG) and abasic endonuclease. Using several methods of detection, we identified uracil residues in the variable and switch regions. Uracil residues were generated within 24 h of B cell stimulation, were present on both DNA strands and were found to replace mainly cytosine bases. Our data provide direct evidence for the model that AID functions by deaminating cytosine residues in DNA.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.