ArticleInfection and immunity2011
Activation of motility by sensing short-chain fatty acids via two steps in a flagellar gene regulatory cascade in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Bacterial Fluorescence-Based Biosensor for Detecting Propionate in Culture Media for Diagnostic Applications.Biomarker insights · 2026Article
- The response regulator FpsR controls the flagella-pili transition and mucosal colonization inGut microbes · 2025Article
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- Recent advances in understanding of enterobacterial common antigen synthesis and regulation.Open biology · 2025Review
- Type III Secretion System in Intestinal Pathogens and Metabolic Diseases.Journal of diabetes research · 2024Review
- ABToxins · 2022Review
- Effect of diet on pathogen performance in the microbiome.Microbiome research reports · 2022Review
- Bacteria from gut microbiota associated with diarrheal infections in children promote virulence of Shiga toxin-producing and enteroaggregativeFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Inferring early-life host and microbiome functions by mass spectrometry-based metaproteomics and metabolomics.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2022Review
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- The Short-Chain Fatty Acids Propionate and Butyrate Augment Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli Virulence but Repress Inflammation in a Human Intestinal Enteroid Model of Infection.Microbiology spectrum · 2021Article
- Transcriptional analysis reveals specific niche factors and response to environmental stresses of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in bovine digestive contents.BMC microbiology · 2021Article
- Short-Chain Fatty Acids as a Potential Treatment for Infections: a Closer Look at the Lungs.Infection and immunity · 2021Review
- The leucine-responsive regulatory proteins/feast-famine regulatory proteins: an ancient and complex class of transcriptional regulators in bacteria and archaea.Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology · 2021Review
- Colonization of the Caenorhabditis elegans gut with human enteric bacterial pathogens leads to proteostasis disruption that is rescued by butyrate.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Bacterial Gut Microbiota and Infections During Early Childhood.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
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- PchE Regulation ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The regulated expression of virulence genes is critical for successful infection by an intestinal pathogen. Bacteria rely on sensing environmental signals to find preferable niches and reach the infectious state. Orally ingested enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) travels through the gastrointestinal tract and encounters a variety of environmental factors, some of which act as triggering signals for the induction of virulence genes. Butyrate, one of the main short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), is such a signal, enhancing the expression of genes for intimate attachment and type III secretion. We further explored the role of SCFAs and found a positive effect of SCFAs on flagellar expression. Although EHEC did not produce flagella when grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), a tissue culture medium that enhances virulence gene expression, the addition of SCFAs to the medium induced the production of flagella, and the EHEC bacteria became motile. Among SCFAs, butyrate simultaneously activates both virulence and flagellar genes. Flagella did not affect initial adherence, and they were not expressed in adherent bacteria during microcolony formation. SCFAs activated flagellar genes via two regulatory steps. Butyrate activated the flhDC regulatory genes through leucine-responsive regulatory protein (Lrp), which is also a regulator of virulence genes. However, butyrate, acetate, and propionate also activated downstream genes independently of flhDC activation. Consequently, when encountering increased concentrations of SCFAs, which are abundant in acetate, in the intestine, EHEC first activates flagellar production and motility, followed by genes involved in adherence and type III secretion, which leads to efficient adherence in a preferable niche.
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Registered trials
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