ArticleGenome research2011
Analysis of streptococcal CRISPRs from human saliva reveals substantial sequence diversity within and between subjects over time.
Article in Genome research, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed.
- Viral communities from long-term anaerobic alkane-oxidizing enrichment cultures encode predicted cell surface adhesion functions.The ISME journal · 2026Article
- Role of CRISPR-Cas systems in periodontal disease pathogenesis and potential for periodontal therapy: A review.Molecular oral microbiology · 2025Review
- CRISPR-Cas spacer acquisition is a rare event in human gut microbiome.Cell genomics · 2025Article
- CRISPR dynamics during the interaction between bacteria and phage in the first year of life.Microbial genomics · 2023Article
- CRISPR arrays as high-resolution markers to track microbial transmission during influenza infection.Microbiome · 2023Article
- Correlation between CRISPR Loci Diversity in Three Enterobacterial Taxa.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Distribution, Diversity and Roles of CRISPR-Cas Systems in Human and Animal Pathogenic Streptococci.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Evaluation of CRISPR Diversity in the Human Skin Microbiome for Personal Identification.mSystems · 2021Article
- Identification of Natural CRISPR Systems and Targets in the Human Microbiome.Cell host & microbe · 2021Article
- It is unclear how important CRISPR-Cas systems are for protecting natural populations of bacteria against infections by mobile genetic elements.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Review
- Lysogeny inMicroorganisms · 2020Review
- Demystifying the mist: Sources of microbial bioload in dental aerosols.Journal of periodontology · 2020Review
- Natural diversity of CRISPR spacers of Thermus: evidence of local spacer acquisition and global spacer exchange.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2019Article
- Diversified local CRISPR-Cas immunity to viruses of Sulfolobus islandicus.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2019Article
- CRISPRs for Strain Tracking and Their Application to Microbiota Transplantation Data Analysis.The CRISPR journal · 2019Article
- Metagenomic analysis with strain-level resolution reveals fine-scale variation in the human pregnancy microbiome.Genome research · 2018Article
- Review
- How adaptive immunity constrains the composition and fate of large bacterial populations.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2018Article
- Evaluation of bias induced by viral enrichment and random amplification protocols in metagenomic surveys of saliva DNA viruses.Microbiome · 2018Article
- Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Viruses may play an important role in the evolution of human microbial communities. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) provide bacteria and archaea with adaptive immunity to previously encountered viruses. Little is known about CRISPR composition in members of human microbial communities, the relative rate of CRISPR locus change, or how CRISPR loci differ between the microbiota of different individuals. We collected saliva from four periodontally healthy human subjects over an 11- to 17-mo time period and analyzed CRISPR sequences with corresponding streptococcal repeats in order to improve our understanding of the predominant features of oral streptococcal adaptive immune repertoires. We analyzed a total of 6859 CRISPR bearing reads and 427,917 bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences. We found a core (ranging from 7% to 22%) of shared CRISPR spacers that remained stable over time within each subject, but nearly a third of CRISPR spacers varied between time points. We document high spacer diversity within each subject, suggesting constant addition of new CRISPR spacers. No greater than 2% of CRISPR spacers were shared between subjects, suggesting that each individual was exposed to different virus populations. We detect changes in CRISPR spacer sequence diversity over time that may be attributable to locus diversification or to changes in streptococcal population structure, yet the composition of the populations within subjects remained relatively stable. The individual-specific and traceable character of CRISPR spacer complements could potentially open the way for expansion of the domain of personalized medicine to the oral microbiome, where lineages may be tracked as a function of health and other factors.
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Registered trials
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