ArticleNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2011
Adherence to and reasons for premature discontinuation from stop-smoking medications: data from the ITC Four-Country Survey.
Article in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta-analyses.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Barriers and Facilitators of Adherence to Nicotine Replacement Therapy: A Systematic Review and Analysis Using the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behaviour (COM-B) Model.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- The views and experiences of smokers who quit smoking unassisted. A systematic review of the qualitative evidence.PloS one · 2015Pooled it
- Effects of in vivo NRT sampling on smoking abstinence and NRT adherence: A randomized clinical trial.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Trial
- An Automated, Online Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial of a Just-In-Time Adaptive Intervention for Smoking Cessation (Quit Sense).Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Trial
- Daily adherence to nicotine replacement therapy in low-income smokers: The role of gender, negative mood, motivation, and self-efficacy.Addictive behaviors · 2023Trial
- A process evaluation of 'We Can Quit': a community-based smoking cessation intervention targeting women from areas of socio-disadvantage in Ireland.BMC public health · 2022Trial
- Electronically Monitored Nicotine Gum Use Before and After Smoking Lapses: Relationship With Lapse and Relapse.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Trial
- Nicotine replacement therapy sampling for smoking cessation within primary care: results from a pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2020Trial
- Predictors of adherence to nicotine replacement therapy: Machine learning evidence that perceived need predicts medication use.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2019Trial
- Effect of nicotine 6 mg gum on urges to smoke, a randomized clinical trial.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2019Trial
- Quitting Failure and Success With and Without Using Medication: Latent Classes of Abstinence and Adherence to Nicotine Monotherapy, Combination Therapy, and Varenicline.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Trial
- Predictors of Varenicline Adherence Among Cancer Patients Treated for Tobacco Dependence and its Association With Smoking Cessation.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Trial
- A randomised controlled trial examining the efficacy of smoking-related response inhibition training in smokers: a study protocol.BMC public health · 2018Trial
- Can we increase smokers' adherence to nicotine replacement therapy and does this help them quit?Psychopharmacology · 2018Trial
- Predictors of medication adherence and smoking cessation among smokers under community corrections supervision.Addictive behaviors · 2017Trial
- Abstinence Reinforcement Therapy (ART) for rural veterans: Methodology for an mHealth smoking cessation intervention.Contemporary clinical trials · 2016Trial
- Comparative effectiveness of intervention components for producing long-term abstinence from smoking: a factorial screening experiment.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2016Trial
- Using WhatsApp and Facebook Online Social Groups for Smoking Relapse Prevention for Recent Quitters: A Pilot Pragmatic Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2015Trial
- Race and Medication Adherence Moderate Cessation Outcomes in Criminal Justice Smokers.American journal of preventive medicine · 2015Trial
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionNicotine replacement therapies (NRTs) have been demonstrated to be effective in clinical trials but may have lower efficacy when purchased over-the-counter (OTC). Premature discontinuation and insufficient dosing have been offered as possible explanations. The aims are to (a) investigate the prevalence of and reasons for premature discontinuation of stop-smoking medications (including prescription only) and (b) how these differ by type, duration of use, and source (prescription or OTC).
methodsThe sample includes 1,219 smokers or recent quitters who had used medication in the last year (80.5% NRT, 19.5% prescription only). Data were from Waves 5 and 6 of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four-Country Survey.
resultsMost of the sample (69.1%) discontinued medication use prematurely. This was more common among NRT users (71.4%) than in users of bupropion and varenicline (59.6%). OTC NRT users were particularly likely to discontinue (76.3%). Relapse back to smoking was the most common reason for discontinuation of medication reported by 41.6% of respondents. Side effects (18.3%) and believing that the medication was no longer needed (17.1%) were also commonly reported. Of those who completed treatment, 37.9% achieved 6-month continuous abstinence compared with 15.6% who discontinued prematurely. Notably, 65.6% who discontinued because they believed the medication had worked were abstinent.
conclusionsPremature discontinuation of stop-smoking medications is common but is not a plausible reason for poorer quit outcomes for most people. Encouraging persistence of medication use after relapse or in the face of minor side effects may help increase long-term cessation outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.