Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21143976›Full record

ArticleMolecular pain2010

Dietary grape seed polyphenols repress neuron and glia activation in trigeminal ganglion and trigeminal nucleus caudalis.

Ryan J Cady, Jeffery J Hirst, Paul L Durham

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular pain, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
34citing papers in PubMed
1.2field-weighted citation impact, top 21% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

34 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pain Management with Natural Products: Neurophysiological Insights.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. 5-HT3/7 and GABANutritional neuroscience · 2022
    Article
  10. Article
  11. A Bidirectional View of Migraine and Diet Relationship.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2021
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Dietary supplementation with grape seed extract prevents development of trigeminal sensitization and inhibits pain signaling in a preclinical chronic temporomandibular disorder model.Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology · 2020
    Article
  17. Migraine and Diet.Nutrients · 2020
    Review
  18. Review
  19. The effect of natural products in animal models of temporomandibular disorders.Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB · 2020
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Ryan J CadyCenter for Biomedical & Life Sciences, Missouri State University 524 N, Boonville, Springfield, MO, USA.
Jeffery J Hirst
Paul L Durham
Missouri State University · US

Funding

CGRP Regulation of iNOS and MAP Kinases/Phosphatases in Trigeminal Ganglia GliaR01DE017805 · NIDCR · MISSOURI STATE UNIVERSITY · PI DURHAM, PAUL L · 2006 to 2010
$1.2M
NIDCR NIH HHS DE017805
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundInflammation and pain associated with temporomandibular joint disorder, a chronic disease that affects 15% of the adult population, involves activation of trigeminal ganglion nerves and development of peripheral and central sensitization. Natural products represent an underutilized resource in the pursuit of safe and effective ways to treat chronic inflammatory diseases. The goal of this study was to investigate effects of grape seed extract on neurons and glia in trigeminal ganglia and trigeminal nucleus caudalis in response to persistent temporomandibular joint inflammation. Sprague Dawley rats were pretreated with 200 mg/kg/d MegaNatural-BP grape seed extract for 14 days prior to bilateral injections of complete Freund's adjuvant into the temporomandibular joint capsule.

resultsIn response to grape seed extract, basal expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 was elevated in neurons and glia in trigeminal ganglia and trigeminal nucleus caudalis, and expression of the glutamate aspartate transporter was increased in spinal glia. Rats on a normal diet injected with adjuvant exhibited greater basal levels of phosphorylated-p38 in trigeminal ganglia neurons and spinal neurons and microglia. Similarly, immunoreactive levels of OX-42 in microglia and glial fibrillary acidic protein in astrocytes were greatly increased in response to adjuvant. However, adjuvant-stimulated levels of phosphorylated-p38, OX-42, and glial fibrillary acidic protein were significantly repressed in extract treated animals. Furthermore, grape seed extract suppressed basal expression of the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide in spinal neurons.

conclusionsResults from our study provide evidence that grape seed extract may be beneficial as a natural therapeutic option for temporomandibular joint disorders by suppressing development of peripheral and central sensitization.

Indexed as

AnimalsFlavonoidsMaleNeurogliaNeuronsPhenolsPolyphenolsRatsRats, Sprague-DawleySeedsTemporomandibular Joint DisordersTrigeminal Caudal NucleusTrigeminal GanglionVitisFlavonoidsPhenolsPolyphenols

Identifiers

PMID21143976
PMCPMC3009976
OpenAlexW2133104499

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.