Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21139077›Full record

ArticleCerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)2011

Dissociating the roles of the cerebellum and motor cortex during adaptive learning: the motor cortex retains what the cerebellum learns.

Joseph M Galea, Alejandro Vazquez, Neel Pasricha, Jean-Jacques Orban de Xivry, Pablo Celnik

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 385 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
385citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

385 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  20. A single, clinically relevant dose of the GABAThe Journal of physiology · 2021
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325 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Joseph M GaleaDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
Alejandro Vazquez
Neel Pasricha
Jean-Jacques Orban de Xivry
Pablo Celnik

Funding

Novel Strategies to Enhance Motor Function After StrokeR01HD053793 · NICHD · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI CELNIK, PABLO ARIEL · 2007 to 2019
$5.2M
Non-invasive Cerebellar Stimulation to Improve LocomotionR21HD060169 · NICHD · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI CELNIK, PABLO ARIEL · 2009 to 2010
$461k
NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD053793NICHD NIH HHS R21 HD060169
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Adaptation to a novel visuomotor transformation has revealed important principles regarding learning and memory. Computational and behavioral studies have suggested that acquisition and retention of a new visuomotor transformation are distinct processes. However, this dissociation has never been clearly shown. Here, participants made fast reaching movements while unexpectedly a 30-degree visuomotor transformation was introduced. During visuomotor adaptation, subjects received cerebellar, primary motor cortex (M1) or sham anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a noninvasive form of brain stimulation known to increase excitability. We found that cerebellar tDCS caused faster adaptation to the visuomotor transformation, as shown by a rapid reduction of movement errors. These findings were not present with similar modulation of visual cortex excitability. In contrast, tDCS over M1 did not affect adaptation, but resulted in a marked increase in retention of the newly learnt visuomotor transformation. These results show a clear dissociation in the processes of acquisition and retention during adaptive motor learning and demonstrate that the cerebellum and primary motor cortex have distinct functional roles. Furthermore, they show that is possible to enhance cerebellar function using tDCS.

Indexed as

Adaptation, PhysiologicalAdultCerebellumElectric StimulationFemaleHumansLearningMaleMotor CortexMovementOrientationPsychomotor PerformanceSpace PerceptionYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID21139077
PMCPMC3138512

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.