ArticleNeuroscience letters2011
Evidence that the extraocular motor nuclei innervate monkey palisade endings.
Article in Neuroscience letters, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Developmental, Physiological and Phylogenetic Perspectives on the Expression and Regulation of Myosin Heavy Chains in Craniofacial Muscles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Proprioceptors in extraocular muscles.Experimental physiology · 2024Review
- Passive eye movements induced by electromagnetic force (EMF) in rats.Zoological research · 2019Article
- A Subset of Palisade Endings Only in the Medial and Inferior Rectus Muscle in Monkey Contain Calretinin.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2018Article
- An Anatomic Characterization of the Midbrain Near Response Neurons in the Macaque Monkey.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2018Article
- Identification of Functional Cell Groups in the Abducens Nucleus of Monkey and Human by Perineuronal Nets and Choline Acetyltransferase Immunolabeling.Frontiers in neuroanatomy · 2018Article
- A central mesencephalic reticular formation projection to medial rectus motoneurons supplying singly and multiply innervated extraocular muscle fibers.The Journal of comparative neurology · 2017Article
- Examination of feline extraocular motoneuron pools as a function of muscle fiber innervation type and muscle layer.The Journal of comparative neurology · 2017Article
- Palisade Endings Are a Constant Feature in the Extraocular Muscles of Frontal-Eyed, But Not Lateral-Eyed, Animals.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2016Article
- Review
- Internal organization of medial rectus and inferior rectus muscle neurons in the C group of the oculomotor nucleus in monkey.The Journal of comparative neurology · 2015Article
- "Slow" skeletal muscles across vertebrate species.Cell & bioscience · 2015Review
- Transmitter inputs to different motoneuron subgroups in the oculomotor and trochlear nucleus in monkey.Frontiers in neuroanatomy · 2015Article
- A single mutation in the acetylcholine receptor δ-subunit causes distinct effects in two types of neuromuscular synapses.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2014Article
- Morphology and ultrastructure of medial rectus subgroup motoneurons in the macaque monkey.The Journal of comparative neurology · 2014Article
- Proprioceptive eye position signals are still missing a sensory receptor.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2013Article
- Eye proprioception may provide real time eye position information.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2013Review
- Axons giving rise to the palisade endings of feline extraocular muscles display motor features.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2013Article
- Nonclassical innervation patterns in mammalian extraocular muscles.Current eye research · 2012Article
- Is there any sense in the Palisade endings of eye muscles?Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Palisade endings are found in the extraocular muscles (EOMs) of almost every mammalian species, including primates. These nerve specializations surrounding the muscle fiber insertion have been postulated to be the proprioceptors of the EOMs. However, it was recently demonstrated that palisade endings have a cholinergic nature, which reopened the question of whether palisade endings are motor or sensory structures. In this work, we examined whether the cell bodies of palisade endings lie in EOM motor nuclei by injecting an anterograde tracer, biotinylated dextran amine, into the abducens nucleus of a macaque monkey. Tracer visualization in the lateral rectus muscle was combined with choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and α-bungarotoxin staining. Analysis of the samples was performed by conventional light microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. About 30% of the nerve fibers innervating the muscle were tracer positive. These were ChAT positive as well. Tracer positive nerve fibers established motor contacts on singly and multiply innervated muscle fibers, which were confirmed by α-bungarotoxin staining. At the transition between muscle and distal tendon, we found palisade endings that contained tracer. Palisade endings exhibited the classic morphology: axons arising from the muscle extend onto the tendon, then turn back 180° and terminate in a cuff of terminals around an individual muscle fiber tip. This finding suggests that the cell bodies of palisade endings lie in the EOM motor nuclei, which complements prior studies demonstrating a cholinergic, and possibly motor, phenotype for palisade endings.
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