Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21135314›Full record

ArticleArchives of general psychiatry2011

Hippocampal interneurons in bipolar disorder.

Christine Konradi, Eric I Zimmerman, C Kevin Yang, Kathryn M Lohmann, Paul Gresch, Harry Pantazopoulos, Sabina Berretta, Stephan Heckers

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Archives of general psychiatry, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
68citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
3.1field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

68 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 120 citations in OpenAlex.

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  9. Exploring Dapagliflozin's Influence on Autophagic Flux in Mania-like Behaviour: Insights from the LKB1/AMPK/LC3 Pathway in a Mouse Model.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025
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8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Christine KonradiDepartment of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-8548, USA. christine.konradi@vanderbilt.edu
Eric I Zimmerman
C Kevin Yang
Kathryn M Lohmann
Paul Gresch
Harry Pantazopoulos
Sabina Berretta
Stephan Heckers
McLean Hospital · USVanderbilt University · US

Funding

A Natonal Resource for Postmortem Brain ResearchR24MH068855 · NIMH · MC LEAN HOSPITAL (BELMONT, MA) · PI BENES, FRANCINE M. · 2003 to 2012
$14.8M
Hippocampus in Schizophrenia and Bipolar DisorderR01MH067999 · NIMH · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI HECKERS, STEPHAN · 2004 to 2008
$1.2M
Antipsychotic drug effects in limbic structuresR01MH074000 · NIMH · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI KONRADI, CHRISTINE L · 2006 to 2008
$878k
NIMH NIH HHS MH068855NIMH NIH HHS MH67999NIMH NIH HHS MH74000NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH067999NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH074000NIMH NIH HHS R24 MH068855
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

contextPostmortem studies have reported decreased density and decreased gene expression of hippocampal interneurons in bipolar disorder, but neuroimaging studies of hippocampal volume and function have been inconclusive.

objectiveTo assess hippocampal volume, neuron number, and interneurons in the same specimens of subjects with bipolar disorder and healthy control subjects.

designWhole human hippocampi of 14 subjects with bipolar disorder and 18 healthy control subjects were cut at 2.5-mm intervals and sections from each tissue block were either Nissl-stained or stained with antibodies against somatostatin or parvalbumin. Messenger RNA was extracted from fixed tissue and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed.

settingBasic research laboratories at Vanderbilt University and McLean Hospital. SAMPLES: Brain specimens from the Harvard Brain Tissue Resource Center at McLean Hospital.

main outcome measuresVolume of pyramidal and nonpyramidal cell layers, overall neuron number and size, number of somatostatin- and parvalbumin-positive interneurons, and messenger RNA levels of somatostatin, parvalbumin, and glutamic acid decarboxylase 1.

resultsThe 2 groups did not differ in the total number of hippocampal neurons, but the bipolar disorder group showed reduced volume of the nonpyramidal cell layers, reduced somal volume in cornu ammonis sector 2/3, reduced number of somatostatin- and parvalbumin-positive neurons, and reduced messenger RNA levels for somatostatin, parvalbumin, and glutamic acid decarboxylase 1.

conclusionOur results indicate a specific alteration of hippocampal interneurons in bipolar disorder, likely resulting in hippocampal dysfunction.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAtrophyBipolar DisorderCell CountFemaleGlutamate DecarboxylaseHippocampusHumansInterneuronsMaleMiddle AgedParvalbuminsSomatostatinGlutamate Decarboxylaseglutamate decarboxylase 1ParvalbuminsSomatostatin

Identifiers

PMID21135314
PMCPMC3197787
OpenAlexW1995742542

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.