Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21135125›Full record

ArticleMolecular and cellular biology2011

Serum response factor utilizes distinct promoter- and enhancer-based mechanisms to regulate cytoskeletal gene expression in macrophages.

Amy L Sullivan, Christopher Benner, Sven Heinz, Wendy Huang, Lan Xie, Joseph M Miano, Christopher K Glass

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular and cellular biology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
43citing papers in PubMed
1.9field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

43 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Clustered macrophages cooperate to eliminate tumors via coordinated intrudopodia.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Amy L SullivanUniversity of California, San Diego, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651, USA.
Christopher Benner
Sven Heinz
Wendy Huang
Lan Xie
Joseph M Miano
Christopher K Glass
University of California, San Diego · USTsinghua University · CNUniversity of Rochester · US

Funding

U of Calif, San Diego Neuroscience Microscopy ImagingP30NS047101 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI GLEESON, JOSEPH G, ZHENG, BINHAI · 2003 to 2022
$9.0M
TRANSCRIPTIONAL COREGULATORS AND MYELOID GENE EXPRESSIONR01CA052599 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI GLASS, CHRISTOPHER K · 1991 to 2010
$4.6M
Bifunctionality of Myocardin in MyogenesisR01HL091168 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER · PI MIANO, JOSEPH M · 2008 to 2011
$1.5M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA052599NCI NIH HHS R01 CA52599NHLBI NIH HHS HL091168NHLBI NIH HHS P01-HC088093NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL091168NINDS NIH HHS P30 NS047101
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage play essential roles in tissue homeostasis and immune responses, but mechanisms underlying the coordinated expression of cytoskeletal genes required for specialized functions of these cells, such as directed migration and phagocytosis, remain unknown. Here, using genetic and genomic approaches, we provide evidence that serum response factor (SRF) regulates both general and cell type-restricted components of the cytoskeletal gene expression program in macrophages. Genome-wide location analysis of SRF in macrophages demonstrates enrichment of SRF binding at ubiquitously expressed target gene promoters, as expected, but also reveals that the majority of SRF binding sites associated with cell type-restricted target genes are at distal inter- and intragenic locations. Most of these distal SRF binding sites are established by the prior binding of the macrophage- and the B cell-specific transcription factor PU.1 and exhibit histone modifications characteristic of enhancers. Consistent with this, representative cytoskeletal target genes associated with these elements require both SRF and PU.1 for full expression. These findings suggest that SRF uses two distinct molecular strategies to regulate programs of cytoskeletal gene expression: a promoter-based strategy for ubiquitously expressed target genes and an enhancer-based strategy at target genes that exhibit cell type-restricted patterns of expression.

Indexed as

AnimalsBase SequenceBinding SitesCells, CulturedCytoskeletonDNA PrimersEnhancer Elements, GeneticHematopoiesisMacrophagesMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutPromoter Regions, GeneticProto-Oncogene ProteinsProto-Oncogene Protein Spi-1DNA PrimersProto-Oncogene ProteinsProto-Oncogene Protein Spi-1RNA, Small InterferingSerum Response FactorTrans-Activators

Identifiers

PMID21135125
PMCPMC3028656
OpenAlexW2131061645

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.