ArticleMicrobial pathogenesis2011
Coccidioides releases a soluble factor that suppresses nitric oxide production by murine primary macrophages.
Article in Microbial pathogenesis, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Coccidioidomycosis Granulomas Informed by Other Diseases: Advancements, Gaps, and Challenges.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Macrophage and Dendritic Cell Activation and Polarization in Response toJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Differential Thermotolerance Adaptation between Species ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Host Response toFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- Early Events in Coccidioidomycosis.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2019Review
- How Environmental Fungi Cause a Range of Clinical Outcomes in Susceptible Hosts.Journal of molecular biology · 2019Review
- Structural Differences Influence Biological Properties of Glucosylceramides from Clinical and Environmental Isolates ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Characterizing in vitro spherule morphogenesis of multiple strains of both species of Coccidioides.Medical mycology · 2019Article
- The Rise ofFrontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Inflammatory and Anti-inflammatory Responses Co-exist Inside Lung Granuloma of Fatal Cases of Coccidioidomycosis: A Pilot Report.Mycopathologia · 2018Article
- Fungal Strategies to Evade the Host Immune Recognition.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017Review
- Immune Response to Coccidioidomycosis and the Development of a Vaccine.Microorganisms · 2017Review
- Fungal Pathogens: Survival and Replication within Macrophages.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2014Review
- Classical versus alternative macrophage activation: the Ying and the Yang in host defense against pulmonary fungal infections.Mucosal immunology · 2014Review
- Candida albicans suppresses nitric oxide generation from macrophages via a secreted molecule.PloS one · 2014Article
- Progress Toward a Human Vaccine Against Coccidioidomycosis.Current fungal infection reports · 2012Article
- Absence of phagocyte NADPH oxidase 2 leads to severe inflammatory response in lungs of mice infected with Coccidioides.Microbial pathogenesis · 2011Article
- Vaccine immunity to coccidioidomycosis occurs by early activation of three signal pathways of T helper cell response (Th1, Th2, and Th17).Infection and immunity · 2011Article
- Nitric oxide synthase activity has limited influence on the control of Coccidioides infection in mice.Microbial pathogenesis · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
We studied the effect of the presence of Coccidioides on the production of nitric oxide (NO) by primary macrophages previously activated by IFN-γ and LPS. The fungal cells were isolated from cultures of arthroconidia that had been incubated for 24 h in a medium that supported parasitic phase growth and were co-cultured with the macrophages. These live, first-generation parasitic cells of Coccidioides, referred to as spherule initials, suppressed NO production as well as iNOS mRNA expression by activated macrophages. Phagocytosis was not required for suppression of NO. We also showed that the culture supernatant of the spherule initials was capable of suppressing NO production, and that this activity was mediated by an as yet unidentified, secreted fungal factor(s). Heat-, paraformaldehyde- or X-ray-treated spherule initials did not show this inhibitory effect. To our surprise, macrophages obtained from iNOS-deficient mice revealed phagocytic activity and killing efficiency which were comparable to that of macrophages isolated from wild type C57BL/6 mice. Although the cultured fungal pathogen can suppress NO production, this oxidative product is apparently not essential for in vitro killing of Coccidioides by activated macrophages. Our results suggest that other unidentified fungicidal mechanisms exist against Coccidioides which are apparently independent of NO production.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.