ArticlePrevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research2011
When to intervene: elementary school, middle school or both? Effects of keepin' it REAL on substance use trajectories of Mexican heritage youth.
Article in Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Health education interventions to reduce cannabis and tobacco smoking-related harms among people who use cannabis: a systematic review.Health education research · 2026Pooled it
- Drug Use Prevention in Low-income Neighborhoods of Montevideo-Uruguay: the Effectiveness of Mantente REAL in Public Elementary Schools.Journal of prevention (2022) · 2026Trial
- Efficacy of the Mexican version of the keepin' it REAL school-based prevention program in addressing multi-substance use from early to mid-adolescence.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Trial
- Testing the keepin' it REAL Substance Use Prevention Curriculum Among Early Adolescents in Guatemala City.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2019Trial
- Substance Use Prevention for Urban American Indian Youth: A Efficacy Trial of the Culturally Adapted Living in 2 Worlds Program.The journal of primary prevention · 2017Trial
- Effects of a youth substance use prevention program on stealing, fighting, and weapon use.The journal of primary prevention · 2015Trial
- Smoking quit success genotype score predicts quit success and distinct patterns of developmental involvement with common addictive substances.Molecular psychiatry · 2014Trial
- Reducing inhalant use in Latino adolescents through synchronized parent-adolescent interventions.Journal of prevention & intervention in the communityTrial
- Exploring Youths' Offers to Use E-Cigarettes in Rural Hawai'i: A Test Development and Validation Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- An ecological examination of early adolescent e-cigarette use: A machine learning approach to understanding a health epidemic.PloS one · 2024Article
- Social Validity in Spain of the Mantente REAL Prevention Program for Early Adolescents : Social Validity of Mantente Real in Spain.Journal of prevention (2022) · 2023Article
- Article
- Implementation fidelity of a Brazilian drug use prevention program and its effect among adolescents: a mixed-methods study.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2022Article
- An Efficacy Trial of the Ho'ouna Pono Drug Prevention Curriculum: An Evaluation of a Culturally Grounded Substance Abuse Prevention Program in Rural Hawai'i.Asian American journal of psychology · 2019Article
- Reducing Risk Behavior with Family-Centered Prevention During the Young Adult Years.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2019Article
- Designed Cultural Adaptation and Delivery Quality in Rural Substance Use Prevention: an Effectiveness Trial for the Keepin' it REAL Curriculum.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2018Article
- Key factors influencing comfort in delivering and receiving sexual health education: Middle school student and teacher perspectives.American journal of sexuality education · 2018Article
- Reconsidering the "acculturation gap" narrative through an analysis of parent-adolescent acculturation differences in Mexican American families.Journal of family issues · 2016Article
- Stress and Multiple Substance Use Behaviors Among Hispanic Adolescents.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2016Article
- The relation between stress and alcohol use among Hispanic adolescents.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
This article presents the findings of a study exploring two questions: What age is most efficacious to expose Mexican heritage youth to drug abuse prevention interventions, and what dosage of the prevention intervention is needed? These issues are relevant to Mexican heritage youth-many from immigrant families-in particular ways due to the acculturation process and other contextual factors. The study utilized growth curve modeling to investigate the trajectory of recent substance use (alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, inhalants) among Mexican heritage students (N = 1,670) participating in the keepin' it REAL drug prevention program at different developmental periods: the elementary school (5th grade), middle school (7th grade), or both. The findings provide no evidence that intervening only in elementary school was effective in altering substance use trajectories from 5th to 8th grade, either for licit nor illicit substances. Implementing keepin' it REAL in middle school alone altered the trajectories of use of all four substances for Mexican heritage youth. A double dose of prevention, in elementary and middle school proved to be equally as effective as intervening in 7th grade only, and only for marijuana and inhalants. The decrease in use of marijuana and inhalants among students in the 7th-grade-only or the 5th- and 7th-grade interventions occurred just after students received the curriculum intervention in 7th grade. These results are interpreted from an ecodevelopmental and culturally specific perspective and recommendations for prevention and future research are discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.