ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2010
Nature of socioeconomic inequalities in neonatal mortality: population based study.
Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Causes of neonatal mortality in the European Economic Area and Switzerland: a WHO-based analysis and systematic review.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Seeking order amidst chaos: a systematic review of classification systems for causes of stillbirth and neonatal death, 2009-2014.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2016Pooled it
- Socioeconomic inequity in extreme outcomes within very pre-term and/or very low birthweight infants: evidence from multi-national cohorts.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Evaluating a neonatal public health education and empowerment programme to reduce infant mortality risks: insights from parents and facilitators in the midlands, UK.Frontiers in global women's health · 2026Article
- Neonatal mortality inequalities in Peru, 2007-2021: an ecological joinpoint trends analysis.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- Reducing inequalities using an unbiased machine learning approach to identify births with the highest risk of preventable neonatal deaths.Population health metrics · 2025Article
- The effect of fertility treatment and socioeconomic status on neonatal and post-neonatal mortality in the United States.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2024Article
- Use of pregnancy personalised follow-up in case of maternal social vulnerability to reduce prematurity and neonatal morbidity.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Article
- Perinatal mortality in Ireland: inequalities by socio-economic group and country of birth.European journal of public health · 2023Article
- Facilitating safety evaluation in maternal immunization trials: a retrospective cohort study to assess pregnancy outcomes and events of interest in low-risk pregnancies in England.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Article
- Impacts of the Internet on Health Inequality and Healthcare Access: A Cross-Country Study.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Are infant mortality rates increasing in England? The effect of extreme prematurity and early neonatal deaths.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2021Article
- Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality in Advanced Aged Mothers-Maternal Age Is Not an Independent Risk Factor for Infants Born Very Preterm.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Article
- Inequalities in child health in India.BMJ paediatrics open · 2017Review
- Maternal depressive symptoms, maternal asthma, and asthma in school-aged children.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2017Article
- Classification systems for causes of stillbirth and neonatal death, 2009-2014: an assessment of alignment with characteristics for an effective global system.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2016Article
- Comparison of early onset sepsis and community-acquired late onset sepsis in infants less than 3 months of age.BMC pediatrics · 2016Article
- City-Specific Spatiotemporal Infant and Neonatal Mortality Clusters: Links with Socioeconomic and Air Pollution Spatial Patterns in France.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2016Article
- Why do young children die in the UK? A comparison with Sweden.Archives of disease in childhood · 2015Article
- Is individual social deprivation associated with adverse perinatal outcomes? Results of a French multicentre cross-sectional survey.Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate time trends in socioeconomic inequalities in cause specific neonatal mortality in order to assess changing patterns in mortality due to different causes, particularly prematurity, and identify key areas of focus for future intervention strategies.
designRetrospective cohort study.
settingEngland.
participantsAll neonatal deaths in singleton infants born between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 2007.
main outcome measureCause specific neonatal mortality per 10 000 births by deprivation tenth (deprivation measured with UK index of multiple deprivation 2004 at super output area level).
results18 524 neonatal deaths occurred in singleton infants born in the 11 year study period. Neonatal mortality fell between 1997-9 and 2006-7 (from 31.4 to 25.1 per 10 000 live births). The relative deprivation gap (ratio of mortality in the most deprived tenth compared with the least deprived tenth) increased from 2.08 in 1997-9 to 2.68 in 2003-5, before a fall to 2.35 in 2006-7. The most common causes of death were immaturity and congenital anomalies. Mortality due to immaturity before 24 weeks' gestation did not decrease over time and showed the widest relative deprivation gap (2.98 in 1997-9; 4.14 in 2003-5; 3.16 in 2006-7). Mortality rates for all other causes fell over time. For congenital anomalies, immaturity, and accidents and other specific causes, the relative deprivation gap widened between 1997-9 and 2003-5, before a slight fall in 2006-7. For intrapartum events and sudden infant deaths (only 13.5% of deaths) the relative deprivation gap narrowed slightly.
conclusionsAlmost 80% of the relative deprivation gap in all cause mortality was explained by premature birth and congenital anomalies. To reduce socioeconomic inequalities in mortality, a change in focus is needed to concentrate on these two influential causes of death. Understanding the link between deprivation and preterm birth should be a major research priority to identify interventions to reduce preterm birth.
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