Trial reportJournal of hepatology2011
Smoking and severity of hepatic fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Trial report in Journal of hepatology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 102 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
102 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 223 citations in OpenAlex.
- The relationship between tobacco and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Global epidemiology of type 2 diabetes in patients with NAFLD or MAFLD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2024Pooled it
- NASPGHAN Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children: Recommendations from the Expert Committee on NAFLD (ECON) and the North American Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (NASPGHAN).Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2017Guideline
- Association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS medicine · 2014Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of omega 3 fatty acids for the treatment of diabetic patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.Journal of clinical gastroenterology · 2015Trial
- Antioxidant-rich and fibre-enhanced diets reduce liver fibrosis risk in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: latent class analysis of a cohort study.The British journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Association of Life's Essential 8 with Hepatic Fibrosis, MASLD, and MetALD in the Framingham Heart Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Primary Liver Cancer Trends Worldwide and in China: Analysis of GLOBOCAN 2022 Data and Disease Management Implications.Portal hypertension & cirrhosis · 2026Review
- Association of gut microbiota dietary index with MAFLD and the risk of liver fibrosis: the mediating effect of vitamins.Journal of nutritional science · 2026Article
- Investigating the Link Between Smoking and Fatty Liver via Ultrasound Elastography: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Study.Canadian journal of gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Article
- Progression of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis in US Adults Using Linked Records and Claims.Gastro hep advances · 2026Article
- Impact of Smoking Cessation Attempts on Outcomes in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Large Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study.Canadian journal of gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Article
- Smoking and liver diseases: an updated review of pathogenesis, progression, and therapeutic implications.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- The Effects of Alpha Linolenic Acid (Omega-3 Fatty Acid) on Tobacco Craving Intensity, Withdrawal Symptoms and Biochemical Markers in Tobacco Users.Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB · 2025Article
- Linkage Between Hemoglobin to High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Ratio and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Nationally Representative Study.Clinical and translational science · 2025Article
- Cigarette Smoke Contributes to the Progression of MASLD: From the Molecular Mechanisms to Therapy.Cells · 2025Review
- Gut Microbiota at the Crossroad of Hepatic Oxidative Stress and MASLD.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Burden of NASH related liver cancer from 1990 to 2021 at the global, regional, and national levels.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Article
42 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsAlthough many predictors of disease severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have been proposed, studies of the potential effects of specific environmental exposures on human NAFLD are lacking. Smoking increases insulin resistance. Given the pathophysiological role of insulin resistance in NAFLD, characterization of the influence of smoking in NAFLD is warranted. The aim of this paper was to study the potential association between cigarette smoking and advanced fibrosis in NAFLD.
methodsAll adults enrolled in the NASH CRN studies, between October 2004 and February 2008, who had liver biopsies, were included (n=1091). Advanced fibrosis was defined as stages 3-4. Analyses were performed.
resultsSignificant bivariate associations were demonstrated between advanced fibrosis and age, gender, ethnicity, diabetes, and smoking history. History of smoking ≥ 10 pack-years was more common (p <0.0001) among patients with advanced fibrosis. Multivariate analysis demonstrated an association between smoking history of ≥ 10 pack-years and advanced fibrosis (OR=1.63). Among non-diabetics, history of ≥ 10 pack-years was associated with an OR of 2.48 for advanced fibrosis. High frequencies of advanced fibrosis were observed among diabetics (with or without ≥ 10 pack-years history) and non-diabetics with ≥ 10 pack-years history as compared to non-diabetics without significant smoking history.
conclusionsSmoking history was associated with advanced liver fibrosis in this large multicenter cohort of NAFLD patients. The results indicate that smoking may enhance the progression of NAFLD partly through its effect on insulin resistance. Our results are consistent with recent animal studies suggesting that cigarette smoke may aggravate fatty liver. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that cigarette smoking is associated with increased fibrosis severity in human NALFD, suggesting it may accelerate disease progression. These results may support a formal recommendation of smoking cessation in patients with NAFLD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.