ArticleBiomaterials2011
Effects of particle size on toll-like receptor 9-mediated cytokine profiles.
Article in Biomaterials, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Innate Immune Stimulation Using 3D Wireframe DNA Origami.ACS nano · 2022Article
- Biodegradable calcium phosphate nanoparticles for cancer therapy.Advances in colloid and interface science · 2020Review
- The Role of Nanovaccine in Cross-Presentation of Antigen-Presenting Cells for the Activation of CD8Pharmaceutics · 2019Review
- Nanomaterial-Based Vaccine Adjuvants.Journal of materials chemistry. B · 2016Article
- DNA-polymer conjugates for immune stimulation through Toll-like receptor 9 mediated pathways.Acta biomaterialia · 2014Article
- Selectively targeting the toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9)--IRF 7 signaling pathway by polymer blend particles.Biomaterials · 2013Article
- pH-Responsive nanoparticle vaccines for dual-delivery of antigens and immunostimulatory oligonucleotides.ACS nano · 2013Article
- Gold nanoparticle delivery of modified CpG stimulates macrophages and inhibits tumor growth for enhanced immunotherapy.PloS one · 2013Article
- Chitosan-coated boron nitride nanospheres enhance delivery of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and induction of cytokines.International journal of nanomedicine · 2013Article
- Buffering capacity and size of siRNA polyplexes influence cytokine levels.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2012Article
- Intra-articular controlled release of anti-inflammatory siRNA with biodegradable polymer microparticles ameliorates temporomandibular joint inflammation.Acta biomaterialia · 2012Article
- Structure-dependent immunostimulatory effect of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and their delivery system.International journal of nanomedicine · 2012Review
- Nanoparticles containing siRNA to silence CD4 and CCR5 reduce expression of these receptors and inhibit HIV-1 infection in human female reproductive tract tissue explants.Infectious disease reports · 2011Review
- Problems and challenges in the development and validation of human cell-based assays to determine nanoparticle-induced immunomodulatory effects.Particle and fibre toxicology · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Biomaterials interface with toll-like receptor (TLR) 9-mediated innate immunity in a wide range of medical applications, such as tissue implants and drug delivery systems. The stimulation of TLR9 can lead to two different signaling pathways, resulting in the generation of proinflammatory cytokines (i.e. IL-6) and/or type I interferons (IFNs, i.e. IFN-α). These two categories of cytokines differentially influence both innate and adaptive immunity. Although particle size is known to be a critical parameter of biomaterials, its role in TLR9-mediated cytokine profiles is not clear. Here, we examined how the size of biomaterials impacted cytokine profiles by using polystyrene particles of defined sizes as model carriers for TLR9 agonists (CpG oligonucleotides (CpG ODNs)). CpG ODNs bound to nano- to submicro- particles stimulated the production of both IL-6 and IFN-α, while those bound to micro particles resulted in IL-6 secretions only. The differential TLR9-mediated cytokine profiles were attributed to the pH of endosomes that particles trafficked to. The magnitude of IFN-α production was highly sensitive to the change in endosomal pH in comparison to that of IL-6. Our results define two critical design variables, size and the ability to modulate endosomal pH, for the engineering of biomaterials that potentially interface with TLR9-mediated innate immunity. The fine control of these two variables will allow us to fully exploit the beneficial facets of TLR9-mediated innate immunity while minimizing undesirable side effects.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.