ReviewKidney international2011
Nephrolithiasis-associated bone disease: pathogenesis and treatment options.
Review in Kidney international, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04073719 (Apple Cider Vinegar for the Prevention of Urinary Lithiasis), which is not on this map. Cited by 81 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Apple Cider Vinegar for the Prevention of Urinary Lithiasis (APUL)
Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 179 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recent Progression and Treatment Approaches for the Kidney Stone Management.Current drug targets · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with nephrolithiasis andFrontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Metabolic changes in kidney stone disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Metabolic diagnosis and medical prevention of calcium nephrolithiasis and its systemic manifestations: a consensus statement.Journal of nephrology · 2016Guideline
- Nephrolithiasis, bone mineral density, osteoporosis, and fractures: a systematic review and comparative meta-analysis.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2016Pooled it
- Association between serum vitamin D levels and the risk of kidney stone: evidence from a meta-analysis.Nutrition journal · 2016Pooled it
- Dietary interventions for preventing complications in idiopathic hypercalciuria.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2014Pooled it
- Brazilian Guidelines on evaluation and clinical management of Nephrolithiasis: Brazilian Society of Nephrology.Jornal brasileiro de nefrologiaGuideline
- Trial
- Role of FGF23 in Pediatric Hypercalciuria.BioMed research international · 2017Trial
- Combined occurrence of cardiovascular and bone events in individuals with kidney stone disease.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Article
- Antiurolithiatic Potential of a Series of Phthalimide Derivatives on Calcium Oxalate Crystals.Chemistry & biodiversity · 2026Article
- Kidney stone disease: risk factors, pathophysiology and management.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2025Review
- Low-Dose Indapamide vs. Hydrochlorothiazide in Idiopathic Hypercalciuria: A Randomized Prospective Trial.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Effect of comorbidities and multimorbidity on bone mineral density in patients with osteoporosis.Archives of osteoporosis · 2025Article
- Exploring the link between nephrolithiasis and osteoporosis: implications for clinical management and treatment advancements.International urology and nephrology · 2025Article
- Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes Following Repeated Naringenin Exposure in Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Assessment of bone status and bone turnover in pediatric patients with familiar hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Hydrochlorothiazide and Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Kidney Stones: Post Hoc Analysis of the NOSTONE Trial.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2025Article
- Idiopathic Hypercalciuria: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Insights and Management Strategies.Cureus · 2025Review
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Nephrolithiasis remains a formidable health problem in the United States and worldwide. A very important but underaddressed area in nephrolithiasis is the accompanying bone disease. Epidemiologic studies have shown that osteoporotic fractures occur more frequently in patients with nephrolithiasis than in the general population. Decreased bone mineral density and defects in bone remodeling are commonly encountered in patients with calcium nephrolithiasis. The pathophysiologic connection of bone defects to kidney stones is unknown. Hypercalciuria and hypocitraturia are two important risk factors for stone disease, and treatments with thiazide diuretics and alkali, respectively, have been shown to be useful in preventing stone recurrence in small prospective trials. However, no studies have examined the efficacy of these agents or other therapies in preventing continued bone loss in calcium stone formers. This manuscript reviews the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and potential treatments of bone disease in patients with nephrolithiasis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.