ReviewCurrent topics in behavioral neurosciences2012
Sexual differentiation of the brain and ADHD: what is a sex difference in prevalence telling us?
Review in Current topics in behavioral neurosciences, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Peripheral Inflammation In Adult ADHD: Sex Differences And Hematological Markers.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2026Article
- Early-life lung injury and the developing brain: a lung-brain axis perspective on neurodevelopmental disorders.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Effect of gonadectomy and hormone replacement on habenula-induced dopamine inhibition in female and male rats.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- Factors associated with stimulant persistence among children with ADHD: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Prenatal Cocaine Exposure, Perinatal Risks, and Mediators to Preadolescent Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Early childhood exposures to phthalates in association with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder behaviors in middle childhood and adolescence in the ReCHARGE study.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2024Article
- Polymorphism of Estrogen Receptor Genes and Its Interactions With Neurodevelopmental Genes in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Chinese Han Descent.Psychiatry investigation · 2023Article
- The impact of gender medicine on neonatology: the disadvantage of being male: a narrative review.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2023Review
- Sex-specific differences in KCC2 localisation and inhibitory synaptic transmission in the rat hippocampus.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Neuromodulation in Beta-Band Power Between Movement Execution and Inhibition in the Human Hippocampus.Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society · 2022Article
- Canine hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention share similar demographic risk factors and behavioural comorbidities with human ADHD.Translational psychiatry · 2021Article
- Estrogen Receptor β as a Candidate Regulator of Sex Differences in the Maternal Immune Activation Model of ASD.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2021Review
- Sex Differences in Brain Injury and Repair in Newborn Infants: Clinical Evidence and Biological Mechanisms.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2019Review
- Mental health of the male adolescent and young man: the Copenhagen statement.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2018Review
- Maturation of GABAergic Transmission in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells Is Sex Dependent and Altered in the Valproate Model of Autism.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2018Article
- Sexual congruency in the connectome and translatome of VTA dopamine neurons.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Sex differences in interval timing and attention to time in C57Bl/6J mice.Behavioural brain research · 2017Article
- Genes, Gender, Environment, and Novel Functions of Estrogen Receptor Beta in the Susceptibility to Neurodevelopmental Disorders.Brain sciences · 2017Review
- Multifaceted origins of sex differences in the brain.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2016Review
- The angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, prevents the hyperactivity and impulsivity of neurokinin-1 receptor gene 'knockout' mice: sex differences and implications for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Sexual differentiation of the brain is a function of various processes that prepare the organism for successful reproduction in adulthood. Release of gonadal steroids during both the perinatal and the pubertal stages of development organizes many sex differences, producing changes in brain excitability and morphology that endure across the lifespan. To achieve these sexual dimorphisms, gonadal steroids capitalize on a number of distinct mechanisms across brain regions. Comparison of the developing male and female brain provides insight into the mechanisms through which synaptic connections are made, and circuits are organized that mediate sexually dimorphic behaviors. The prevalence of most psychiatric and neurological disorders differ in males versus females, including disorders of attention, activity and impulse control. While there is a strong male bias in incidence of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders, the source of that bias remains controversial. By elucidating the biological underpinnings of male versus female brain development, we gain a greater understanding of how hormones and genes do and do not contribute to the differential vulnerability in one sex versus the other.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.