ArticleTransplantation2011
Identification of new carbohydrate and membrane protein antigens in cardiac xenotransplantation.
Article in Transplantation, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetically engineered porcine liver: a new era in transplantation.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2026Article
- Porcine kidney xenotransplantation: From primate models to clinical reality.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Present Advances and Emerging Challenges in Kidney Xenotransplantation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Evaluation of primate anti-pig xenoreactive immune responses using immortalized aortic endothelial cells from genetically modified pigs.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Towards curing type 1 diabetes: Prospects and challenges of allogeneic or xenogeneic donor islet cell transplantation.World journal of transplantation · 2025Review
- Immunometabolism of Liver Xenotransplantation and Prospective Solutions.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Pig Lung Xenotransplantation: Barriers on the Road to Clinical Translation.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2025Review
- Pre-clinical xenotransplantation: physiology and pharmacy in human decedent and non-human primate models.Frontiers in transplantation · 2025Review
- 2025: status of cardiac xenotransplantation including preclinical models.Frontiers in transplantation · 2025Review
- Current Status of Cardiac Xenotransplantation: Report of a Workshop of the German Heart Transplant Centers, Martinsried, March 3, 2023.The Thoracic and cardiovascular surgeon · 2024Article
- Complement, Coagulation, and Fibrinolysis: The Role of the Endothelium and Its Glycocalyx Layer in Xenotransplantation.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2024Review
- Genetic Engineering of Donor Pig for the First Human Cardiac Xenotransplantation: Combatting Rejection, Coagulopathy, Inflammation, and Excessive Growth.Current cardiology reports · 2023Review
- Article
- Graft rejection in paediatric congenital heart disease.Translational pediatrics · 2023Review
- Historical Review and Future of Cardiac Xenotransplantation.Korean circulation journal · 2023Review
- Progress in xenotransplantation: overcoming immune barriers.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2022Review
- The immunobiology and clinical use of genetically engineered porcine hearts for cardiac xenotransplantation.Nature cardiovascular research · 2022Article
- Progressive genetic modifications of porcine cardiac xenografts extend survival to 9 months.Xenotransplantation · 2022Article
- Complement-targeted therapies in kidney transplantation-insights from preclinical studies.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Application of decellularized vascular matrix in small-diameter vascular grafts.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Review
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundα1,3-Galactosyltransferase gene knockout (GTKO) pigs reduced the significance of antibody to galactose alpha 1,3-galactose (Gal) antigens but did not eliminate delayed xenograft rejection (DXR). We hypothesize that DXR of GTKO organs results from an antibody response to a limited number of non-Gal endothelial cell (EC) membrane antigens. In this study, we screened a retrovirus expression library to identify EC membrane antigens detected after cardiac xenotransplantation.
methodsExpression libraries were made from GT:CD46 and GTKO porcine aortic ECs. Viral stocks were used to infect human embryonic kidney cells (HEK) that were selected by flow cytometry for IgG binding from sensitized cardiac heterotopic xenograft recipients. After three to seven rounds of selection, individual clones were assessed for non-Gal IgG binding. The porcine complementary DNA was recovered by polymerase chain reaction amplification, sequenced, and identified by homology comparisons.
resultsA total of 199 and 317 clones were analyzed from GT:CD46 and GTKO porcine aortic EC complementary DNA libraries, respectively. Sequence analysis identified porcine CD9, CD46, CD59, and the EC protein C receptor. We also identified porcine annexin A2 and a glycosyltransferase with homology to the human β1,4 N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferase 2 gene.
conclusionThe identified proteins include key EC functions and suggest that non-Gal antibody responses may compromise EC functions and thereby contribute to DXR. Recovery of the porcine β1,4 N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferase 2 suggests that an antibody response to a SD-like carbohydrate may represent a new carbohydrate moiety involved in xenotransplantation. The identification of these porcine gene products may lead to further donor modification to enhance resistance to DXR and further reduce the level of xenograft antigenicity.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.