Trial reportThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene2010
Impact of the integration of water treatment and handwashing incentives with antenatal services on hygiene practices of pregnant women in Malawi.
Trial report in The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Adoption of Point-of-Use Chlorination for Household Drinking Water Treatment: A Systematic Review.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Pooled it
- Interventions to improve water quality for preventing diarrhoea.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
- Randomized Controlled Trial of Hospital-Based Hygiene and Water Treatment Intervention (CHoBI7) to Reduce Cholera.Emerging infectious diseases · 2016Trial
- Sustained Uptake of a Hospital-Based Handwashing with Soap and Water Treatment Intervention (Cholera-Hospital-Based Intervention for 7 Days [CHoBI7]): A Randomized Controlled Trial.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2016Trial
- Hygiene and food safety practices among mothers as predictors of diarrhea risk in toddlers in Purwawinangun Village, West Java, Indonesia.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Knowledge and Behavioral Practice of Mothers About Childhood Diarrhea in Arar City, Saudi Arabia.Cureus · 2024Article
- Hand hygiene knowledge and demonstrated technique among Malawian kindergarten children: A quasi-experimental study.Nursing open · 2023Article
- COVID-19 and handwashing: Implications for water use in Sub-Saharan Africa.Water resources and economics · 2021Article
- The impact of supply-side and demand-side interventions on use of antenatal and maternal services in western Kenya: a qualitative study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2020Article
- Formative research to scale up a handwashing with soap and water treatment intervention for household members of diarrhea patients in health facilities in Dhaka, Bangladesh (CHoBI7 program).BMC public health · 2020Article
- Safe Water and Hygiene Integration with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Antenatal Services: Leveraging Opportunities for Public Health Interventions and Improved Service Uptake.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2018Article
- Integrating Household Water Treatment, Hand Washing, and Insecticide-Treated Bed Nets Into Pediatric HIV Care in Mombasa, Kenya: Impact on Diarrhea and Malaria Risk.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Article
- Impact of the Integration of Water Treatment, Hygiene, Nutrition, and Clean Delivery Interventions on Maternal Health Service Use.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2017Article
- Can incentives reduce the barriers to use of antenatal care and delivery services in Kenya?: Results of a qualitative inquiry.Journal of health care for the poor and underserved · 2017Article
- Integrating Water Treatment into Antenatal Care: Impact on Use of Maternal Health Services and Household Water Treatment by Mothers-Rural Uganda, 2013.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2016Article
- Article
- Improved health among people living with HIV/AIDS who received packages of proven preventive health interventions, Amhara, Ethiopia.PloS one · 2014Article
- Long-term impact of integration of household water treatment and hygiene promotion with antenatal services on maternal water treatment and hygiene practices in Malawi.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2013Article
- Impact of a hygiene curriculum and the installation of simple handwashing and drinking water stations in rural Kenyan primary schools on student health and hygiene practices.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2012Article
- Water treatment and handwashing behaviors among non-pregnant friends and relatives of participants in an antenatal hygiene promotion program in Malawi.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Access to safe drinking water and improved hygiene are important for reducing morbidity and mortality from diarrhea. We surveyed 330 pregnant women who participated in an antenatal clinic-based intervention in Malawi that promoted water treatment and hygiene through distribution of water storage containers, sodium hypochlorite water treatment solution, soap, and educational messages. Program participants were more likely to know correct water treatment procedures (62% versus 27%, P < 0.0001), chlorinate drinking water (61% versus 1%, P < 0.0001), demonstrate correct handwashing practices (68% versus 22%, P < 0.0001), and purchase water treatment solution after free distribution (32% versus 1%, P < 0.0001). Among participants, 72% had at least three antenatal visits, 76% delivered in a health facility, and 54% had a postnatal check. This antenatal-clinic-based program is an effective new strategy for promoting water treatment and hygiene behaviors among pregnant women. Participants had high use of antenatal, delivery, and postnatal services, which could improve maternal and child health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.