ReviewThe Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy2011
Pharmacological considerations for tenofovir and emtricitabine to prevent HIV infection.
Review in The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 114 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Sofosbuvir/Ledipasvir Treatment on the Pharmacokinetics and Renal Safety of Tenofovir
A Multilevel Gaming Intervention for Persons on PrEP
Effects of Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir Treatment on the Pharmacokinetics and Renal Safety of Tenofovir Alafenamide (TAF) in Patients With HIV.
The Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Switching to a Bictegravir (BIC)/Emtricitabine(FTC)/Tenofovir Alafenamide (TAF) Regimen in Virally Suppressed Human Immunodeficiency Viruses (HIV)-Positive Patients Post-Renal Transplant
Who cites it
114 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 189 citations in OpenAlex.
- Emtricitabine-Triphosphate in Dried Blood Spots as a Marker of Recent Dosing.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2016Pooled it
- Intracellular Ganciclovir Triphosphate Concentrations in Children With Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- Plasma pharmacokinetics and urinary excretion of tenofovir following cessation in adults with controlled levels of adherence to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2020Trial
- Inhibitory Effects of Probenecid on Pharmacokinetics of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate and Emtricitabine for On-Demand HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2020Trial
- Plasma and intracellular pharmacokinetics of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine in transgender women receiving feminizing hormone therapy.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2020Trial
- Short- and Long-Term Pharmacologic Measures of HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Use Among High-Risk Men Who Have Sex With Men in HPTN 067/ADAPT.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Trial
- Optimizing Pre-Exposure Antiretroviral Prophylaxis Adherence in Men Who Have Sex with Men: Results of a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of "Life-Steps for PrEP".AIDS and behavior · 2017Trial
- Analysis of the Endogenous Deoxynucleoside Triphosphate Pool in HIV-Positive and -Negative Individuals Receiving Tenofovir-Emtricitabine.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2016Trial
- A Translational Pharmacology Approach to Predicting Outcomes of Preexposure Prophylaxis Against HIV in Men and Women Using Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate With or Without Emtricitabine.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2016Trial
- Population pharmacokinetics of tenofovir and tenofovir-diphosphate in healthy women.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2015Trial
- Sexual Relationships Outside Primary Partnerships and Abstinence Are Associated With Lower Adherence and Adherence Gaps: Data From the Partners PrEP Ancillary Adherence Study.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2015Trial
- Trial
- Pharmacokinetics and safety of single-dose tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine in HIV-1-infected pregnant women and their infants.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2011Trial
- Reduced-frequency bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide in virologically suppressed adults with HIV: a single-centre randomised phase 2 pilot trial in Spain.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- PrEP at the site of action in cisgender and transgender women: A pharmacology study of blood and rectal CD4British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- The relationship between plasma favipiravir concentrations and clinical outcomes in COVID-19.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- The study on the transport and phosphorylation kinetics of zidovudine in the Chinese population and its significance for individualized antiretroviral therapy.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Pharmacological evaluation of an ex vivo cervicovaginal HIV prevention model.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Adherence thresholds of tenofovir diphosphate in dried blood spots for HIV treatment and pre-exposure prophylaxis: A scoping review.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2026Review
- PrEP-ared for Surgery? A Comprehensive Narrative Review of Perioperative Recommendations for Anesthesia Providers.AANA journal · 2025Review
54 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The use of antiretroviral medications in HIV-negative individuals as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a promising approach to prevent HIV infection. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and emtricitabine exhibit desirable properties for PrEP including: favourable pharmacokinetics that support infrequent dosing; few major drug-drug or drug-food interactions; an excellent clinical safety record; and pre-clinical evidence for efficacy. Several large, randomized, controlled clinical trials are evaluating the safety and efficacy of TDF and emtricitabine for this new indication. A thorough understanding of variability in drug response will help determine future investigations in the field and/or implementation into clinical care. Because tenofovir and emtricitabine are nucleos(t)ide analogues, the HIV prevention and toxicity effects depend on the triphosphate analogue formed intracellularly. This review identifies important cellular pharmacology considerations for tenofovir and emtricitabine, which include drug penetration into relevant tissues and cell types, race/ethnicity/pharmacogenetics, gender, cellular activation state and appropriate episodic or alternative dosing strategies based on pharmacokinetic principles. The current state of knowledge in these areas is summarized and the future utility of intracellular pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics for the PrEP field is discussed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.