ArticleBMC microbiology2010
Bacillus cereus cytotoxins Hbl, Nhe and CytK are secreted via the Sec translocation pathway.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Sigma B regulated motility and chemotaxis inMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2026Article
- The major toxins of Bacillus cereus - Current knowledge on distribution, regulation and mechanism of action.EXCLI journal · 2026Review
- Comprehensive genomic analysis reveals virulence and antibiotic resistance genes in a multidrug-resistant Bacillus cereus isolated from hospital wastewater in Bangladesh.Scientific reports · 2025Article
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- Evaluating the Safety ofMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Validation of a Targeted LC-MS/MS Method for Cereulide and Application in Food and Faeces.Toxins · 2023Article
- Bacillus cereus extracellular vesicles act as shuttles for biologically active multicomponent enterotoxins.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2023Article
- Retrospective surveillance of viableFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Prevalence, distribution, enterotoxin profiles, antimicrobial resistance, and genetic diversity ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Microbial analysis and virulence genes detection of milk preserved using heat-assisted pulsed electric field.BMC research notes · 2021Article
- The Food Poisoning Toxins ofToxins · 2021Review
- Pore-Forming Toxins During Bacterial Infection: Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Targets.Drug design, development and therapy · 2021Review
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- Characterization ofToxins · 2020Review
- Potential Enterotoxicity of Phylogenetically Diverse Bacillus cereus Sensu Lato Soil Isolates from Different Geographical Locations.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2020Article
- The cereus matter of Bacillus endophthalmitis.Experimental eye research · 2020Review
- MogR Is a Ubiquitous Transcriptional Repressor Affecting Motility, Biofilm Formation and Virulence inFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBacillus cereus and the closely related Bacillus thuringiensis are Gram positive opportunistic pathogens that may cause food poisoning, and the three secreted pore-forming cytotoxins Hbl, Nhe and CytK have been implicated as the causative agents of diarrhoeal disease. It has been proposed that the Hbl toxin is secreted using the flagellar export apparatus (FEA) despite the presence of Sec-type signal peptides. As protein secretion is of key importance in virulence of a microorganism, the mechanisms by which these toxins are secreted were further investigated.
resultsSec-type signal peptides were identified in all toxin components, and secretion of Hbl component B was shown to be dependent on an intact Sec-type signal peptide sequence. Further indication that secretion of Hbl, Nhe and CytK is dependent on the Sec translocation pathway, the main pathway on which bacterial secretion relies, was suggested by the observed intracellular accumulation and reduced secretion of the toxins in cultures supplemented with the SecA inhibitor sodium azide. Although a FEA deficient strain (a flhA mutant) showed reduced toxin expression and reduced cytotoxicity, it readily secreted overexpressed Hbl B, showing that the FEA is not required for Hbl secretion. Thus, the concurrent lack of flagella and reduced toxin secretion in the FEA deficient strain may point towards the presence of a regulatory link between motility and virulence genes, rather than FEA-dependent toxin secretion.
conclusionsThe Hbl, Nhe and CytK toxins appear to be secreted using the Sec pathway, and the reduced Hbl expression of a FEA deficient strain was shown not to be due to a secretion defect.
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