ArticleCell and tissue banking2012
Repeated freeze-thaw cycles reduce the survival rate of osteocytes in bone-tendon constructs without affecting the mechanical properties of tendons.
Article in Cell and tissue banking, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- What Factors Influence the Biomechanical Properties of Allograft Tissue for ACL Reconstruction? A Systematic Review.Clinical orthopaedics and related research · 2017Pooled it
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- Tissue-Cultured Chondrocytes Survive After Irradiation in 1300 Gy Dose.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Bone Modelling and Remodelling in Cold Environment.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Elevated fluid and glycosaminoglycan content in the Achilles tendon contribute to higher intratendinous pressures: Implications for Achilles tendinopathy.Journal of sport and health science · 2024Article
- Freezing does not influence the microarchitectural parameters of the microstructure of the freshly harvested femoral head bone.Cell and tissue banking · 2024Article
- Article
- Current trends in graft choice for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction - part I: anatomy, biomechanics, graft incorporation and fixation.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2023Article
- Influence of tibial plateau levelling osteotomy on the tensile forces sustained by ligaments in cranial cruciate ligament-intact canine stifles: An ex vivo pilot study.Veterinary medicine and science · 2022Article
- Frozen vein wrapping for chronic nerve constriction injury reduces sciatic nerve allodynia in a rat model.BMC neuroscience · 2022Article
- Effects of long-term and high-dose administration of glucocorticoids on the cranial cruciate ligament in healthy beagle dogs.PloS one · 2022Article
- Compact and contactless reflectance confocal microscope for neurosurgery.Biomedical optics express · 2020Article
- Deficiency of sphingomyelin synthase 1 but not sphingomyelin synthase 2 reduces bone formation due to impaired osteoblast differentiation.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2019Article
- Damage Accumulation Modeling and Rate Dependency of Spinal Dura Mater.Journal of engineering and science in medical diagnostics and therapy · 2018Article
- Automated freeze-thaw cycles for decellularization of tendon tissue - a pilot study.BMC biotechnology · 2017Article
- 3D FSE Cube and VIPR-aTR 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging predicts canine cranial cruciate ligament structural properties.Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997) · 2016Article
- Fabrication and properties of acellular porcine anulus fibrosus for tissue engineering in spine surgery.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Frozen bone-patellar tendon bone allografts are useful in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction as the freezing procedure kills tissue cells, thereby reducing immunogenicity of the grafts. However, a small portion of cells in human femoral heads treated by standard bone-bank freezing procedures survive, thus limiting the effectiveness of allografts. Here, we characterized the survival rates and mechanisms of cells isolated from rat bones and tendons that were subjected to freeze-thaw treatments, and evaluated the influence of these treatments on the mechanical properties of tendons. After a single freeze-thaw cycle, most cells isolated from frozen bone appeared morphologically as osteocytes and expressed both osteoblast- and osteocyte-related genes. Transmission electron microscopic observation of frozen cells using freeze-substitution revealed that a small number of osteocytes maintained large nuclei with intact double membranes, indicating that these osteocytes in bone matrix were resistant to ice crystal formation. We found that tendon cells were completely killed by a single freeze-thaw cycle, whereas bone cells exhibited a relatively high survival rate, although survival was significantly reduced after three freeze-thaw cycles. In patella tendons, the ultimate stress, Young's modulus, and strain at failure showed no significant differences between untreated tendons and those subjected to five freeze-thaw cycles. In conclusion, we identified that cells surviving after freeze-thaw treatment of rat bones were predominantly osteocytes. We propose that repeated freeze-thaw cycles could be applied for processing bone-tendon constructs prior to grafting as the treatment did not affect the mechanical property of tendons and drastically reduced surviving osteocytes, thereby potentially decreasing allograft immunogenecity.
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