ArticleCurrent genetics2011
The KP4 killer protein gene family.
Article in Current genetics, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Conserved protein folds underpin the diversification of secreted proteins in a fungal pathogen.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Structure and function of a fungal AB toxin-like chimerolectin involved in anti-nematode defense.The EMBO journal · 2026Article
- Article
- Novel killer yeasts and toxins from the gardens of fungus-growing ants.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- ThemBio · 2025Article
- A Comprehensive Structural and Functional Analysis ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- The TOX2 Gene Is Responsible for Conidiation and Full Virulence inCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Zymoseptoria tritici Effectors Structurally Related to Killer Proteins UmV-KP4 and UmV-KP6 Inhibit Fungal Growth, and Define Extended Protein Families in Fungi.Molecular plant pathology · 2025Article
- Structure-guided insights into the biology of fungal effectors.The New phytologist · 2025Review
- Genome Sequencing of Three Pathogenic Fungi Provides Insights into the Evolution and Pathogenic Mechanisms of the Cobweb Disease on Cultivated Mushrooms.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Insights on KP4 Killer Toxin-like Proteins ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Microbiota manipulation through the secretion of effector proteins is fundamental to the wealth of lifestyles in the fungal kingdom.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2022Review
- The Species-Specific Acquisition and Diversification of a K1-like Family of Killer Toxins in Budding Yeasts of the Saccharomycotina.PLoS genetics · 2021Article
- Probiotic Effector Compounds: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- KP4 to controlBiotechnology reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2016Article
- Bioprotective Role of Yeasts.Microorganisms · 2015Review
- The transcriptional response to nonself in the fungus Podospora anserina.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2013Article
- Comparative pathogenomics reveals horizontally acquired novel virulence genes in fungi infecting cereal hosts.PLoS pathogens · 2012Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Killer protein 4 (KP4) is a well studied viral toxin secreted by the maize smut fungus Ustilago maydis that kills sensitive Ustilago strains as well as inhibits Fusarium and plant root growth by inhibiting calcium uptake. Numerous small, cysteine-rich proteins have been shown to play a critical role in fungal-plant-bacterial associations. The discovery of six KP4-like genes in F. verticillioides precipitated efforts to understand their function and evolutionary origin. Analysis of publicly available genomic sequence identified 31 additional KP4-like genes from a range of Ascomycota, a Basidiomycota, and the moss Physcomitrella patens. Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis indicate that the viral KP4 and the moss and fungal KP4-like genes evolved from a common ancestor providing evidence for lateral gene transfer between kingdoms. Six genes of the 37 total genes are predicted to encode a protein with two, non-identical KP4-like domains in tandem separated by 29-56 amino acids. The results suggest that two independent events led to the dual-domain KP4 genes present in different lineages of the Ascomycota. Understanding the nature and function of KP4-like proteins in mycotoxin-producing species like Fusarium may help to limit plant diseases and increase food safety and food production.
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