Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21116311›Full record

ReviewKidney international. Supplement2010

Innate immunity and cardiac allograft rejection.

Timothy M Millington, Joren C Madsen

Open access · bronzeAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Kidney international. Supplement, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
1.6field-weighted citation impact, top 16% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Suppression of cardiac allograft vasculopathy by a macrophage efferocytosis receptor.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Editorial: Advances in Heart Transplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2022
    Article
  6. Failing Heart Transplants and Rejection-A Cellular Perspective.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2021
    Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Significant role for microRNA-21 affecting toll-like receptor pathway in primary graft dysfunction after human lung transplantation.The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation · 2017
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Interacting mechanisms in the pathogenesis of cardiac allograft vasculopathy.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2014
    Review
  14. Mannan-binding lectin in cardiovascular disease.BioMed research international · 2014
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Elevated plasma long pentraxin-3 levels and primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2011
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Timothy M MillingtonMGH Transplant Center and Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Joren C Madsen
Harvard University · US

Funding

XENOGENIC TOLERANCE IN MICEP01HL018646 · NHLBI · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI MADSEN, JOREN C · 1985 to 2019
$37.5M
THORACIC ALLOGRAFT TOLERANCE IN NON-HUMAN PRIMATESU19AI066705 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI COLVIN, ROBERT B · 2005 to 2009
$6.3M
Optimizing Mixed-Chimerism for Heart Transplantation in Non-Human PrimatesR01HL093131 · NHLBI · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI KAWAI, TATSUO, MADSEN, JOREN C · 2009 to 2010
$1.5M
NHLBI NIH HHS P01 HL018646NHLBI NIH HHS P01HL018646NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL093131NHLBI NIH HHS R01HL093131NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI066705NIAID NIH HHS U19AI066705
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The development of immunosuppressive drugs to control adaptive immune responses has led to the success of heart transplantation as a therapy for end-stage heart failure. However, these agents are largely ineffective in suppressing components of the innate immune system. This distinction has gained clinical significance as mounting evidence now indicates that innate immune responses have important roles in the acute and chronic rejection of cardiac allografts including cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV). Whereas clinical interest in natural killer (NK) cells was once largely confined to the field of bone marrow transplantation, recent findings suggest that these cells can also participate in the acute rejection of cardiac allografts and in the development of CAV. Stimulation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), another important component of innate immunity, by endogenous ligands released in response to ischemia/reperfusion is now known to cause an inflammatory milieu favorable to graft rejection. Finally, new data indicate that activation of complement is linked to acute rejection and CAV. In summary, the conventional wisdom that the innate immune system is of little importance in whole-organ transplantation is no longer tenable. The addition of strategies that target TLRs, NK cells, and complement will be necessary to prevent CAV completely and to eventually achieve long-term tolerance to cardiac allografts.

Indexed as

Immunity, InnateAdaptive ImmunityAnimalsComplement System ProteinsCoronary Artery DiseaseGraft RejectionHeart TransplantationHumansImmunosuppressive AgentsKiller Cells, NaturalToll-Like ReceptorsTransplantation, HomologousTreatment OutcomeComplement System ProteinsImmunosuppressive AgentsToll-Like Receptors

Identifiers

PMID21116311
PMCPMC3261228
OpenAlexW2118398499

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.