ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2011
In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial enteropathogens isolated from international travelers to Mexico, Guatemala, and India from 2006 to 2008.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- ACG Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Acute Diarrheal Infections in Adults.The American journal of gastroenterology · 2016Guideline
- Rifamycin SV-MMX® for treatment of travellers' diarrhea: equally effective as ciprofloxacin and not associated with the acquisition of multi-drug resistant bacteria.Journal of travel medicine · 2018Trial
- Predictors of rational management of diarrhea in an endemic setting: observation from India.PloS one · 2015Trial
- MecVax, an Epitope- and Structure-Based Broadly Protective Subunit Vaccine Against EnterotoxigenicMicroorganisms · 2025Review
- Immunogenicity and preclinical efficacy characterization of ShecVax, a combined vaccine againstInfection and immunity · 2025Article
- Emerging multi-drug resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-positive enterotoxigenicOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- The potential for development of clinically relevant microbial resistance to rifaximin-α: a narrative review.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2023Review
- Toward aInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Travel-related gastrointestinal diseases: Assessment and management.Public health challenges · 2022Review
- Colonization with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and traveler's diarrhea attack rates among travelers to India: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Tropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines · 2022Review
- Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing strains among diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli-prospective traveller study with literature review.Journal of travel medicine · 2022Review
- Preclinical Characterization of Immunogenicity and Efficacy against Diarrhea from MecVax, a Multivalent Enterotoxigenic E. coli Vaccine Candidate.Infection and immunity · 2021Article
- Travel-Related Antimicrobial Resistance: A Systematic Review.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2021Review
- Multidrug-Resistant Lineage of EnterotoxigenicFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Despite Predominance of Uropathogenic/Extraintestinal Pathotypes Among Travel-acquired Extended-spectrum β-Lactamase-producing Escherichia coli, the Most Commonly Associated Clinical Manifestation Is Travelers' Diarrhea.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Antimicrobial Activity and Chemical Constitution of the Crude, Phenolic-Rich Extracts ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Morbidity and mortality due to shigella and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhoea: the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2016.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Cross-ProtectiveFrontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- Antibiotic Therapy for Acute Watery Diarrhea and Dysentery.Military medicine · 2017Article
- Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of travelers' diarrhea: a graded expert panel report.Journal of travel medicine · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The incidence rates of travelers' diarrhea (TD) have remained high for the last 50 years. More recently, there have been increasing recommendations for self-initiated therapy and use of prophylactic drugs for TD. We last examined the in vitro susceptibilities of commonly used antibiotics against TD pathogens in 1997. We now examine 456 enteropathogens isolated from adult travelers to Mexico, India, and Guatemala with diarrhea acquired between 2006 and 2008 to determine changes in susceptibility against 10 different antimicrobials by the agar dilution method. Traditional antibiotics, such as ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and doxycycline, continue to show high levels of resistance. Current first-line antibiotic agents, including fluoroquinolones and azithromycin, showed significantly higher MICs than in our earlier study, and MIC(90) levels were above the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute cutoffs for resistance. There were significant geographical differences in resistance patterns when Central America was compared with India. Entertoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) isolates showed increased resistance to ciprofloxacin (P = 0.023) and levofloxacin (P = 0.0078) in India compared with Central America. Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) isolates from Central America showed increased resistance to nearly all of the antibiotics tested. Compared to MICs of isolates 10 years prior, there were 4- to 10-fold increases in MIC(90) values for ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and azithromycin for both ETEC and EAEC. There were no significant changes in rifaximin MICs. Rising MICs over time imply the need for continuous surveillance of susceptibility patterns worldwide and geographically specific recommendations in TD therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.