ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2011
Breast cancer risk and ovariectomy, hysterectomy, and tubal sterilization in the women's contraceptive and reproductive experiences study.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between hysterectomy for benign indications and the risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta- analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis on tubal ligation and breast cancer risk.Systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Breast Cancer Risk After Hysterectomy: A Health Insurance Database-Based Analysis.Journal of breast cancer · 2025Article
- Associations of tubal ligation and hysterectomy with serum androgen and estrogen metabolites among postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2024Observational
- Mammary Glands of Women, Female Dogs and Female Rats: Similarities and Differences to Be Considered in Breast Cancer Research.Veterinary sciences · 2023Review
- MicroRNA Expression Changes in Women with Breast Cancer Stratified by DNA Repair Capacity Levels.Journal of oncology · 2019Article
- Mortality and Risk of Cancer After Prophylactic Bilateral Oophorectomy in Women With a Family History of Cancer.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2018Article
- Race, Menopausal Hormone Therapy, and Invasive Breast Cancer in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2018Article
- Examining the common aetiology of serous ovarian cancers and basal-like breast cancers using double primaries.British journal of cancer · 2017Article
- RNPC1 enhances progesterone receptor functions by regulating its mRNA stability in breast cancer.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- Associations of Premenopausal Hysterectomy and Oophorectomy With Breast Cancer Among Black and White Women: The Carolina Breast Cancer Study, 1993-2001.American journal of epidemiology · 2016Article
- Tubal ligation and incidence of 26 site-specific cancers in the Million Women Study.British journal of cancer · 2016Article
- Hormone therapy and young-onset breast cancer.American journal of epidemiology · 2015Article
- The relationship between bilateral oophorectomy and plasma hormone levels in postmenopausal women.Hormones & cancer · 2015Article
- Breast cancer risk in older women: results from the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2014Article
- Fatal breast cancer risk in relation to use of unopposed estrogen and combined hormone therapy.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2014Article
- Bilateral oophorectomy and risk of cancer in African American women.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2014Article
- Tubal ligation in relation to menopausal symptoms and breast cancer risk.British journal of cancer · 2013Article
- Invited commentary: reproductive organ surgeries and breast cancer risk--apples, oranges, or fruit cocktail?American journal of epidemiology · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 9 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Removal or impairment of ovaries before menopause may affect a woman's breast cancer risk by altering her cumulative exposure to ovarian hormones. The Women's Contraceptive and Reproductive Experiences Study, a population-based, multicenter case-control study of incident invasive breast cancer, recruited women aged 35-64 years (4,490 cases and 4,611 controls) who provided data on ovariectomy, hysterectomy, and tubal sterilization during in-person interviews. Controls were frequency-matched to cases by age, race, and study site. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used. Women who had not undergone premenopausal reproductive surgery were the referent group. Bilateral ovariectomy was associated with reduced breast cancer risk overall (odds ratio (OR) = 0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.50, 0.69) and among women <45 years of age (ORs ranged from 0.31 to 0.52), but not among those who were older at surgery. It was also associated with a reduced risk for estrogen and progesterone receptor-positive tumors (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.75) but not receptor-negative tumors. Hysterectomy with ovarian conservation (OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.72, 0.96) and hysterectomy with partial ovary removal (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.59, 0.91) were also associated with lower risk. No association with breast cancer risk was observed with tubal sterilization only or partial ovariectomy without hysterectomy. Reproductive organ surgeries may alter ovarian hormone levels, thereby affecting breast cancer risk.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.