ArticleNeuroImage2011
A combined fMRI study of typed spelling and reading.
Article in NeuroImage, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Writing is thinking: toward a neuropsychological model of scientific writing as knowledge construction.Frontiers in cognition · 2026Article
- Reading ability underlies the composite effect for Arabic words.Perception · 2025Article
- The Neuroscience Behind Writing: Handwriting vs. Typing-Who Wins the Battle?Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Cerebello-Cerebral Pathways Contribute to Written Word Production.Neurobiology of language (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- White matter associations with spelling performance.Brain structure & function · 2024Article
- Atypical characteristic changes of surface morphology and structural covariance network in developmental dyslexia.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Article
- A single case neuroimaging study of tickertape synesthesia.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- A Crossed Pure Agraphia by Graphemic Buffer Impairment following Right Orbito-Frontal Glioma Resection.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Positive changes to written language following phonological treatment in logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia: Case report.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Article
- A connectivity model of the anatomic substrates underlying Gerstmann syndrome.Brain communications · 2022Article
- Clinical Pearls and Methods for Intraoperative Awake Language Mapping.Neurosurgery · 2021Review
- Neural patterns of word processing differ in children with dyslexia and isolated spelling deficit.Brain structure & function · 2021Article
- Reading and Calculation Neural Systems and Their Weighted Adaptive Use for Programming Skills.Neural plasticity · 2021Review
- Children's neurodevelopment of reading is affected by China's language input system in the information era.NPJ science of learning · 2020Article
- Reading and spelling skills are differentially related to phonological processing: Behavioral and fMRI study.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2019Article
- Dissociating the functions of superior and inferior parts of the left ventral occipito-temporal cortex during visual word and object processing.NeuroImage · 2019Article
- Reductions in GABA following a tDCS-language intervention for primary progressive aphasia.Neurobiology of aging · 2019Article
- Written Verb Naming Improves After tDCS Over the Left IFG in Primary Progressive Aphasia.Frontiers in psychology · 2019Article
- Voxel-based lesion analysis of brain regions underlying reading and writing.Neuropsychologia · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In this study we employed a novel technique to examine the neural basis of written spelling by having subjects touch-type single words on an fMRI compatible QWERTY keyboard. Additionally, in the same group of participants we determined if task-related signal changes associated with typed spelling were also co-localized with or separate from those for reading. Of particular interest were the left inferior frontal gyrus, left inferior parietal lobe as well as an area in the left occipitotemporal cortex termed the Visual Word Form Area (VWFA), each of which have been associated with both spelling and reading. Our results revealed that typed spelling was associated with a left hemisphere network of regions which included the inferior frontal gyrus, intraparietal sulcus, inferior temporal/fusiform gyrus, as well as a region in the superior/middle frontal gyrus, near Exner's area. A conjunction analysis of activation associated with spelling and reading revealed a significant overlap in the left inferior frontal gyrus and occipitotemporal cortex. Interestingly, within the occipitotemporal cortex just lateral and superior to the VWFA we identified an area that was selectively associated with spelling, as revealed by a direct comparison of the two tasks. These results demonstrate that typed spelling activates a predominantly left hemisphere network, a subset of which is functionally relevant to both spelling and reading. Further analysis revealed that the left occipitotemporal cortex contains regions with both conjoint and dissociable patterns of activation for spelling and reading.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.