Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21108385›Full record

ReviewAmerican journal of medical genetics. Part A2010

Retinoid signaling in inner ear development: A "Goldilocks" phenomenon.

Dorothy A Frenz, Wei Liu, Ales Cvekl, Qing Xie, Lesley Wassef, Loredana Quadro, Karen Niederreither, Mark Maconochie, Alan Shanske

Open access · hybridAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in American journal of medical genetics. Part A, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
37citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.0field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Genome-wide analysis implicates inner ear development in Ménière's disease.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Retinoic acid receptor assembly dynamics governs dual functions in cochlear organogenesis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Biology · 2023
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Role of carotenoids and retinoids during heart development.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids · 2020
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Alterations in retinoic acid signaling affect the development of the mouse coronary vasculature.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2018
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Dorothy A FrenzDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA. dorothy_frenz@nymc.edu
Wei Liu
Ales Cvekl
Qing Xie
Lesley Wassef
Loredana Quadro
Karen Niederreither
Mark Maconochie
Alan Shanske
Albert Einstein College of Medicine · USRutgers, The State University of New Jersey · USBaylor College of Medicine · USEast Sussex County Council · GB

Funding

Mechanisms of Inner Ear Malformation by Retinoic AcidR01DC004706 · NIDCD · YESHIVA UNIVERSITY · PI FRENZ, DOROTHY A · 2001 to 2005
$1.3M
NIDCD NIH HHS DC04706NIDCD NIH HHS R01 DC004706Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Retinoic acid (RA) is a biologically active derivative of vitamin A that is indispensable for inner ear development. The normal function of RA is achieved only at optimal homeostatic concentrations, with an excess or deficiency in RA leading to inner ear dysmorphogenesis. We present an overview of the role of RA in the developing mammalian inner ear, discussing both how and when RA may act to critically control a program of inner ear development. Molecular mechanisms of otic teratogenicity involving two members of the fibroblast growth factor family, FGF3 and FGF10, and their downstream targets, Dlx5 and Dlx6, are examined under conditions of both RA excess and deficiency. We term the effect of too little or too much RA on FGF/Dlx signaling a Goldilocks phenomenon. We demonstrate that in each case (RA excess, RA deficiency), RA can directly affect FGF3/FGF10 signaling within the otic epithelium, leading to downregulated expression of these essential signaling molecules, which in turn, leads to diminution in Dlx5/Dlx6 expression. Non-cell autonomous affects of the otic epithelium subsequently occur, altering transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) expression in the neighboring periotic mesenchyme and serving as a putative explanation for RA-mediated otic capsule defects. We conclude that RA coordinates inner ear morphogenesis by controlling an FGF/Dlx signaling cascade, whose perturbation by deviations in local retinoid concentrations can lead to inner ear dysmorphogenesis.

Indexed as

AnimalsCell CommunicationEar, InnerEmbryo, MammalianEpitheliumFibroblast Growth Factor 10Fibroblast Growth FactorsHumansMesodermOrganogenesisSignal TransductionTransforming Growth Factor betaTretinoinFGF10 protein, humanFibroblast Growth Factor 10Fibroblast Growth FactorsTransforming Growth Factor betaTretinoin

Identifiers

PMID21108385
PMCPMC3057869
OpenAlexW2009258275

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.