ArticleGraefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie2011
Safety threshold of intravitreal activated protein-C.
Article in Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- 3K3A-Activated Protein C Inhibits Choroidal Neovascularization Growth and Leakage and Reduces NLRP3 Inflammasome, IL-1β, and Inflammatory Cell Accumulation in the Retina.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Intraocular pressure changes: an important determinant of the biocompatibility of intravitreous implants.PloS one · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeAlthough activated protein C (APC) is effective in preventing the death of retinal neurons in ischemic retinopathy, it is not known at what concentrations it becomes retinotoxic. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentrations of intravitreal APC that are safe and those that are toxic for the retina, using rabbit eyes.
methodsThe left eyes of 12 rabbits received an intravitreal injection of 1.5 to 150 μg of APC in 0.1 ml of saline. The fellow eyes were treated with an intravitreal injection of the same amount of saline. Slit-lamp examination, fundus examination, fluorescein angiography (FA), and electroretinograms (ERGs) were performed before and at different times after the injection. The eyes were enucleated at 6 months after the injection and examined histologically.
resultsThe clinical and histological differences between the control eyes and the eyes that had APC injections up to 15 μg were not significant. Localized retinal edema was observed in two of three eyes with 150 μg of APC immediately after the injection. In these two eyes, chorioretinal atrophy was observed in the area of the retinal edema at 6 months, which corresponded with a hyperfluorescent area in the FA images and focal retinal degeneration histologically. No significant changes were detected in the full-field ERGs in the eyes treated even with 150 μg of APC throughout the observation period.
conclusionOur results show that an intravitreal injection of APC at a dose ≤15 μg is safe, but 150 μg of APC can be toxic to the retina.
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