ArticleThe Journal of investigative dermatology2011
TLR2 expression is increased in rosacea and stimulates enhanced serine protease production by keratinocytes.
Article in The Journal of investigative dermatology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 146 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
146 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 366 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oral JAK Inhibitors as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Refractory Rosacea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2026Pooled it
- Molecular Mechanisms in the Etiopathology of Rosacea-Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Defining the Protease and Protease Inhibitor (P/PI) Proteomes of Healthy and Diseased Human Skin by Modified Systematic Review.Biomolecules · 2022Pooled it
- A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial of a Dermocosmetic Containing Vichy Volcanic Mineralizing Water and Probiotic Fractions in Subjects with Rosacea Associated with Erythema and Sensitive Skin and Wearing Protective Masks.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2023Trial
- Metronidazole gel (0.75%) in Japanese patients with rosacea: A randomized, vehicle-controlled, phase 3 study.The Journal of dermatology · 2022Trial
- Neurogenic Rosacea and Facial Dysesthesia: Neurovascular-Immune Mechanisms and Translational Therapeutic Perspectives.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Vitamin D and antimicrobial peptides in skin health and disease: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Review
- Immunomodulatory Effects of Poly-D,L-Lactic Acid on LL-37-Driven Rosacea-like Inflammation via Suppression of mTORC1 Signaling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Targeting Neurovascular Inflammation in Rosacea: A Systematic Review of Botulinum Toxin Therapy.Cureus · 2026Review
- Cross-species transcriptomics identify mineralocorticoid receptor pathway overactivation as a central driver of ocular rosacea.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The exposomal imprint on rosacea: More than skin deep.Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2026Review
- Rosacea scleritis and sclero-uveitis; under recognised and over treated.Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2026Review
- Formulation and Biological Evaluation ofAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Systemic Inflammatory and Oxidative-Metabolic Alterations in Rosacea: A Cross-Sectional Case-Control Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A Novel Rat Model for Human Meibomian Gland Dysfunction and Ocular Rosacea.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Therapeutic progress in rosacea: targeting the neuro-vascular-immune triad.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Inflammatory memory as a potential driver of rosacea pathogenesis: integrating mechanisms of chronic relapse and perspectives on disease modification.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The role of the skin microbiome in modulating rosacea.Postepy dermatologii i alergologii · 2026Review
- Vicenin-2 attenuates rosacea-like inflammation by inhibiting IL-17RA signaling.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- UVB Upregulates Inflammatory Cytokines in Rosacea Cell Model by Promoting the Expression of TRPVs and TLR2.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2026Article
86 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
A diverse environment challenges skin to maintain temperature, hydration, and electrolyte balance while also maintaining normal immunological function. Rosacea is a common skin disease that manifests unique inflammatory responses to normal environmental stimuli. We hypothesized that abnormal function of innate immune pattern recognition could explain the enhanced sensitivity of patients with rosacea, and observed that the epidermis of patients with rosacea expressed higher amounts of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) than normal patients. Increased expression of TLR2 was not seen in other inflammatory skin disorders such as atopic dermatitis or psoriasis. Overexpression of TLR2 on keratinocytes, treatment with TLR2 ligands, and analysis of TLR2-deficient mice resulted in a calcium-dependent release of kallikrein 5 from keratinocytes, a critical protease involved in the pathogenesis of rosacea. These observations show that abnormal TLR2 function may explain enhanced inflammatory responses to environmental stimuli and can act as a critical element in the pathogenesis of rosacea.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.