ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2011
DRD2 and DRD4 in relation to regular alcohol and cannabis use among adolescents: does parenting modify the impact of genetic vulnerability? The TRAILS study.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multi-type childhood maltreatment exposure and substance use development from adolescence to early adulthood: A GxE study.Child abuse & neglect · 2022Article
- The Longitudinal Association Between Preadolescent Facial Emotion Identification and Family Factors, and Psychotic Experiences in Adolescence (The TRAILS Study).Child psychiatry and human development · 2020Article
- A systematic review: Candidate gene and environment interaction on alcohol use and misuse among adolescents and young adults.The American journal on addictions · 2018Review
- Chronic Stressors and Adolescents' Externalizing Problems: Genetic Moderation by Dopamine Receptor D4. The TRAILS Study.Journal of abnormal child psychology · 2018Article
- Genetic Modification of the Relationship between Parental Rejection and Adolescent Alcohol Use.Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) · 2016Article
- Genetic and Environmental Factors Associated with Cannabis Involvement.Current addiction reports · 2016Article
- Metabolomics of Neurotransmitters and Related Metabolites in Post-Mortem Tissue from the Dorsal and Ventral Striatum of Alcoholic Human Brain.Neurochemical research · 2016Article
- DRD4 and susceptibility to peer influence on alcohol use from adolescence to adulthood.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2014Article
- Hatching the behavioral addiction egg: Reward Deficiency Solution System (RDSS)™ as a function of dopaminergic neurogenetics and brain functional connectivity linking all addictions under a common rubric.Journal of behavioral addictions · 2014Review
- Trajectory of adolescent cannabis use on addiction vulnerability.Neuropharmacology · 2014Article
- Dopamine and glucose, obesity, and reward deficiency syndrome.Frontiers in psychology · 2014Review
- Links between Psychotropic Substance Use and Sensation Seeking in a Prevalence Study: The Role of Some Features of Parenting Style in a Large Sample of Adolescents.Journal of addiction · 2014Article
- The developmental psychopathology of alcohol use and alcohol disorders: research achievements and future directions.Development and psychopathology · 2013Review
- The interplay between parental monitoring and the dopamine D4 receptor gene in adolescent cannabis use.PloS one · 2012Article
- "Weeding out" violence? Translational perspectives on the neuropsychobiological links between cannabis and aggression.Aggression and violent behaviorArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aimsThe aims of the present study were to determine the direct effect of DRD2 and DRD4, as well as their interaction with parenting (i.e. rejection, overprotection and emotional warmth), on the development of regular alcohol and cannabis use in 1192 Dutch adolescents from the general population.
methodsInformation was obtained by self-report questionnaires. Perceived rejection, overprotection and emotional warmth were assessed at age 10-12. Regular alcohol and cannabis use were determined at age 15-18 and defined as the consumption of alcohol on 10 or more occasions in the past four weeks, and the use of cannabis on 4 or more occasions in the past four weeks. Models were adjusted for age, sex, parental alcohol or cannabis use, and externalizing behavior.
resultsCarrying the A1 allele of the DRD2 TaqIA polymorphism, or the 7 repeat DRD4, was not directly related to regular alcohol or cannabis use. In addition, adolescent carriers of these genetic risk markers were not more susceptible to the influence of less optimal parenting. Main effects for parenting indicated that overprotection increased the risk of regular alcohol use, whereas the risk of cannabis use was enhanced by parental rejection and buffered by emotional warmth.
conclusionsOur findings do not support an association between DRD2/DRD4 and regular alcohol and cannabis use in adolescents. Given the substance-specific influences of rejection, overprotection and emotional warmth, these parenting factors might be promising candidates for prevention work.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.