ArticleJournal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism2011
Unconjugated bilirubin contributes to early inflammation and edema after intracerebral hemorrhage.
Article in Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- CD36-mediated hematoma absorption following intracerebral hemorrhage: negative regulation by TLR4 signaling.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2014Trial
- Regulation of Melatonin on AQP4 Expression in Brain of SD Newborn Rats with Bilirubin Encephalopathy and Protection Mechanism.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- The role of metabolomics in stroke: biomarkers of diagnosis and therapy.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Review
- Mitochondrial Quality Control: Insights into Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Transcriptomic and Proteomic Changes in the Brain Along with Increasing Phenotypic Severity in a Rat Model of Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Association between serum total bilirubin levels and 28-day all-cause mortality after intracerebral hemorrhage.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- The critical role of MLKL in hemorrhagic stroke and the therapeutic potential of its associated protein network.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Article
- A New Product of Bilirubin Degradation by HBiomolecules · 2022Article
- Minimally Invasive Surgery for ICH Evacuation Combined With Deferoxamine Treatment Increased Perihematomal Claudin-5 and ZO-1 Expression Levels and Decreased BBB Permeability in Rabbits.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- The Role of Bilirubin and the Other "Yellow Players" in Neurodegenerative Diseases.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Bilirubin: a novel predictor of hemorrhagic transformation and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage after mechanical thrombectomy.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2020Observational
- The Chemical Basis of Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Cell Toxicity With Contributions From Eryptosis and Ferroptosis.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2020Article
- Bilirubin, urobilinogen, pancreas elastase and bile acid in drain fluid. The GBUP-study: Analysis of biomarkers for a colorectal anastomotic leakage.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2018Article
- Biliverdin reductase and bilirubin in hepatic disease.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2018Review
- Bliverdin reductase-A improves neurological function in a germinal matrix hemorrhage rat model.Neurobiology of disease · 2018Article
- Anti-inflammatory effects of Simvastatin in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage in an intensive care unit.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2017Article
- Neuroprotective Effect of Erythropoietin on Phenylhydrazine-Induced Hemolytic Hyperbilirubinemia in Neonatal Rats.Neurochemical research · 2017Article
- Autophagy Promotes Microglia Activation Through Beclin-1-Atg5 Pathway in Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Molecular neurobiology · 2017Article
- Subclinical change of liver function could also provide a clue on prognosis for patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2016Article
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor-β Regulates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Transformation and Neuroinflammation After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Mice.Critical care medicine · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a stroke subtype with significant mortality and morbidity. The role of unconjugated bilirubin (UBR) in ICH brain injury is not well understood. Therefore, we studied the effects of UBR on brain injury markers and inflammation, as well as mechanisms involved therein. We induced ICH in mice by infusion of autologous whole blood with vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide) or UBR. We found that UBR led to an increase in edema (P≤0.05), but a decrease in nitrate/nitrite formation (7.0±0.40 nmol/mg versus 5.2±0.70 nmol/mg protein, P≤0.05) and no change in protein carbonyls. Unconjugated bilirubin was also associated with an increase in neutrophil infiltration compared with ICH alone, as determined by both immunofluorescence and flow cytometry (36%±3.2% versus 53%±1.3% of CD45(+) cells, P≤0.05). In contrast, we observed reduced perihematomal microglia immunoreactivity in animals receiving UBR (P≤0.05). Using in vitro techniques, we show neutrophil activation by UBR and also show that protein kinase C participates in this signaling pathway. Finally, we found that UBR was associated with an increased expression of the leukocyte adhesion molecule intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Our results suggest that UBR possesses complex immune-modulatory and antioxidant effects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.