Trial reportObstetrics and gynecology2010
Contraceptive efficacy, acceptability, and safety of C31G and nonoxynol-9 spermicidal gels: a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in Obstetrics and gynecology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00274261 (A Phase II/III Multicenter, Randomized, Double-masked, Study of the Safety and Contraceptive Efficacy of C31G Compared to Conceptrol®), which is not on this map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase II/III Multicenter, Randomized, Double-masked, Study of the Safety and Contraceptive Efficacy of C31G Compared to Conceptrol®
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effects of nonoxynol-9 (N-9) on sperm functions: systematic review and meta-analysis.Reproduction & fertility · 2022Pooled it
- Spermicide used alone for contraception.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2013Pooled it
- A versatile capsule-intravaginal ring platform enables rapid and sustained release of monoclonal antibodies for non-hormonal contraception.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026Article
- Engineering Decavalent, Sperm-Binding Laminin-IgG Hybrid Antibodies for Potent Non-Hormonal Contraception.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Vaginally-delivered fast-dissolving antibody tablets (FDAT) for on-demand non-hormonal contraception and multi-purpose protection.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2025Article
- ZB-06, a vaginal film containing an engineered human contraceptive antibody (HC4-N), demonstrates safety and efficacy in a phase 1 postcoital test and safety study.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2023Article
- A Brief History and Advancement of Contraceptive Multipurpose Prevention Technology (cMPT) Products.Open access journal of contraception · 2023Review
- Hexavalent sperm-binding IgG antibody released from vaginal film for development of potent on-demand nonhormonal female contraception.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Engineering sperm-binding IgG antibodies for the development of an effective nonhormonal female contraception.Science translational medicine · 2021Article
- The postcoital test in the development of new vaginal contraceptives†.Biology of reproduction · 2020Review
- Ten Years of Experience in Contraception Options for Teenagers in a Family Planning Center in Thrace and Review of the Literature.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- The antimicrobial agent C31G is effective for therapy for HSV-1 ocular keratitis in the rabbit eye model.Antiviral research · 2013Article
- Contraception technology: past, present and future.Contraception · 2013Review
- Non-specific microbicide product development: then and now.Current HIV research · 2012Review
- Multipurpose prevention technologies: biomedical tools to prevent HIV-1, HSV-2, and unintended pregnancies.Infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology · 2011Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo estimate whether a gel containing the spermicide C31G was noninferior to a commercially available product containing nonoxynol-9.
methodsParticipants were healthy, sexually active women aged 18-40 years. Measured outcomes included pregnancy rates, continuation rates, adverse events, and acceptability. The primary study outcome was contraceptive efficacy. Sample size was calculated at a 2.5% significance level using a one-sided test based on assumed 6-month pregnancy probability of 15% in the nonoxynol-9 group. Sample size was sufficient to reject, with 80% power, the null hypothesis that pregnancy probability in the C31G arm would be more than 5% higher.
resultsNine hundred thirty-two women were randomized in the C31G group and 633 in the nonoxynol-9 group. For randomized patients with at least one episode of coitus (modified intent-to-treat group), 6-month pregnancy probabilities were 12.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 9.3-14.7%) and 12.0% (95% CI 8.7-15.3%) for C31G and nonoxynol-9,respectively. Twelve-month pregnancy probabilities were 13.8% (95% CI 7.6-20%) for C31G and 19.8% (95% CI 10.9-28.7%) for nonoxynol-9. Two serious adverse events were deemed possibly related to study product and neither occurred in the C31G group. Three fourths of users in either group reported that they liked their assigned study product. Approximately 40% of patients discontinued prematurely for reasons other than pregnancy with 11% lost to follow-up.
conclusionC31G demonstrated noninferior contraceptive efficacy compared with nonoxynol-9. C31G may provide another marketable option for women seeking spermicidal contraception. CLINICAL
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, www.ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00274261.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.