Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21099109›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2010

Mutation of a barrier insulator in the human ankyrin-1 gene is associated with hereditary spherocytosis.

Patrick G Gallagher, Laurie A Steiner, Robert I Liem, Ashley N Owen, Amanda P Cline, Nancy E Seidel, Lisa J Garrett, David M Bodine

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
2.1field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Gene Addition Strategies for β-Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Anemia.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2017
    Review
  5. Insight into GATA1 transcriptional activity through interrogation of cis elements disrupted in human erythroid disorders.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2016
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Gene therapy for hemoglobinopathies: progress and challenges.Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine · 2013
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Patrick G GallagherDepartments of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. patrick.gallagher@yale.edu
Laurie A Steiner
Robert I Liem
Ashley N Owen
Amanda P Cline
Nancy E Seidel
Lisa J Garrett
David M Bodine
National Institutes of Health · USYale University · US

Funding

Pediatric Scientist Development Program (PSDP) [K12]K12HD000850 · NICHD · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI Sallie R. Permar · 1987 to 2026
$44.1M
NHGRI/DIR Embryonic Stem Cell and Transgenic Mouse CoreZICHG200349 · NHGRI · NATIONAL HUMAN GENOME RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI BURGESS, SHAWN M · 2010 to 2025
$23.8M
Red Cell BiologyZIAHG200339 · NHGRI · NATIONAL HUMAN GENOME RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI BODINE, DAVID M. · 2009 to 2022
$11.8M
Molecular Biology of Erythrocyte AnkyrinR01DK062039 · NIDDK · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI GALLAGHER, PATRICK G · 2002 to 2010
$3.3M
Intramural NIH HHSNICHD NIH HHS HD000850NICHD NIH HHS K12 HD000850NIDDK NIH HHS DK62039NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK062039
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Defects of the ankyrin-1 gene are the most common cause in humans of hereditary spherocytosis, an inherited anemia that affects patients of all ethnic groups. In some kindreds, linked -108/-153 nucleotide substitutions have been found in the upstream region of the ankyrin gene promoter that is active in erythroid cells. In vivo, the ankyrin erythroid promoter and its upstream region direct position-independent, uniform expression, a property of barrier insulators. Using human erythroid cell lines and primary cells and transgenic mice, here we have demonstrated that a region upstream of the erythroid promoter is a barrier insulator in vivo in erythroid cells. The region exhibited both functional and structural characteristics of a barrier, including prevention of gene silencing in an in vivo functional assay, appropriate chromatin configuration, and occupancy by barrier-associated proteins. Fragments with the -108/-153 spherocytosis-associated mutations failed to function as barrier insulators in vivo and demonstrated perturbations in barrier-associated chromatin configuration. In transgenic mice, flanking a mutant -108/-153 ankyrin gene promoter with the well-characterized chicken HS4 barrier insulator restored position-independent, uniform expression at levels comparable to wild-type. These data indicate that an upstream region of the ankyrin-1 erythroid promoter acts as a barrier insulator and identify disruption of the barrier element as a potential pathogenetic mechanism of human disease.

Indexed as

Insulator ElementsMutationAnimalsAnkyrinsBase SequenceCell LineCells, CulturedChromatinDeoxyribonuclease IDNA PrimersErythroid CellsGene ExpressionGene SilencingHumansK562 CellsMiceANK1 protein, humanAnkyrinsChromatinDeoxyribonuclease IDNA PrimersMutant Proteins

Identifiers

PMID21099109
PMCPMC2993586
OpenAlexW2053356302

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.