Trial reportEuropean journal of cardiovascular nursing2012
Tai Chi as an adjunct physical activity for adults aged 45 years and older enrolled in phase III cardiac rehabilitation.
Trial report in European journal of cardiovascular nursing, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03851029 (Comparison of Aerobic & Tai Chi Exercise on Cardiopulmonary Endurance Levels Among the Smoker University Students), which is not on this map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparison of Aerobic & Tai Chi Exercise on Cardiopulmonary Endurance Levels Among the Smoker University Students
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Optimal exercise interventions for enhancing cognitive function in older adults: a network meta-analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Tai Chi for heart attack survivors: qualitative insights.BMJ supportive & palliative care · 2020Trial
- Tai Chi Is a Promising Exercise Option for Patients With Coronary Heart Disease Declining Cardiac Rehabilitation.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2017Trial
- Design and methods of the Gentle Cardiac Rehabilitation Study--A behavioral study of tai chi exercise for patients not attending cardiac rehabilitation.Contemporary clinical trials · 2015Trial
- Herbal, vitamin, and mineral supplement use in patients enrolled in a cardiac rehabilitation program.Journal of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and preventionTrial
- The Science of Tai Chi andJournal of integrative and complementary medicine · 2025Review
- Review
- Health and Fitness Comparisons Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults with Long-Term Participation in Four Different Sports.International journal of exercise science · 2022Article
- Stroke Survivors' Personal Efficacy Beliefs and Outcome Expectations of Tai Chi Exercise: A Qualitative Descriptive Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- The Feasibility of Tai Chi Exercise as a Beneficial Mind-Body Intervention in a Group of Community-Dwelling Stroke Survivors with Symptoms of Depression.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2021Article
- Article
- Research on Function and Mechanism of Tai Chi on Cardiac Rehabilitation.Chinese journal of integrative medicine · 2020Review
- The 24-Form Tai Chi Improves Anxiety and Depression and Upregulates miR-17-92 in Coronary Heart Disease Patients After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.Frontiers in physiology · 2020Article
- Leisure Participation Behavior and Psychological Well-Being of Elderly Adults: An Empirical Study of Tai Chi Chuan in China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- The effects of tai chi on the renal and cardiac functions of patients with chronic kidney and cardiovascular diseases.Journal of physical therapy science · 2014Article
- Exergaming in older adults: a scoping review and implementation potential for patients with heart failure.European journal of cardiovascular nursing · 2014Article
- Tai chi chuan in medicine and health promotion.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2013Review
- Tai chi chuan exercise for patients with cardiovascular disease.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCardiac rehabilitation improves physical, cognitive and psychosocial functioning, yet services are greatly underutilized with increasing patterns of attrition over time. Tai Chi has been suggested as a possible adjunct to cardiac rehabilitation exercise training.
aimTo describe differences in physical, cognitive and psychosocial functioning among adults ≥ 45 years old attending phase III cardiac rehabilitation, who have or have not self-selected Tai Chi exercise as an adjunct physical activity.
methodsA cross-sectional design compared subjects attending group-based Wu style Tai Chi classes plus cardiac rehabilitation, with cardiac rehabilitation only. Subjects had a battery of physical and cognitive functioning tests administered to examine aerobic endurance, balance, strength, and flexibility, verbal retrieval/recall, attention, concentration and tracking. Subjects completed a health survey to ascertain cardiac event information, medical history, and psychosocial functioning (i.e. health-related quality of life, stress, depressive symptoms, social support, and Tai Chi self-efficacy).
resultsA total of 51 subjects (75% married, 84% college-educated, 96% White/European-American) participated. Subjects were on average 70 (± 8) years old and had attended cardiac rehabilitation for 45 (± 37) months. Approximately 45% (n = 23) attended Tai Chi classes plus cardiac rehabilitation, while 55% (n = 28) attended cardiac rehabilitation only. Subjects attending Tai Chi plus cardiac rehabilitation had better balance, perceived physical health, and Tai Chi self-efficacy compared to those attending cardiac rehabilitation only (p ≤ 0.03).
conclusionTai Chi can be easily implemented in any community/cardiac rehabilitation facility, and may offer adults additional options after a cardiac event.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.