Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21093724›Full record

ArticleClinics in geriatric medicine2011

Inflammation and immune system alterations in frailty.

Xu Yao, Huifen Li, Sean X Leng

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Clinics in geriatric medicine, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 105 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
105citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

105 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  15. An Update on Neuroaging on Earth and in Spaceflight.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
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  19. The use of the psoas-to-lumbar vertebrae index and modified frailty index in predicting postoperative complications in degenerative spine surgery: can sarcopenia or frailty be underestimated?European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2025
    Article
  20. Article

45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Xu YaoDivisions of Allergy & Clinical Immunology and Geriatric Medicine & Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Huifen Li
Sean X Leng

Funding

Vaccine-Induced Immunity against Influenza in FrailtyK23AG028963 · NIA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI LENG, SEAN XIAO · 2006 to 2010
$864k
NIA NIH HHS K23 AG028963
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Frailty is an important geriatric syndrome characterized by multisystem dysregulation. Substantial evidence suggests heightened inflammatory state and significant immune system alterations in frailty. A heightened inflammatory state is marked by increases in levels of inflammatory molecules (interleukin 6 and C-reactive protein) and counts of white blood cell and its subpopulations, which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of frailty, directly or through its detrimental influence on other physiologic systems. Alterations in the innate immune system include decreased proliferation of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells and upregulated monocytic expression of specific stress-responsive inflammatory pathway genes. In the adaptive immune system, although little information is available about potential B-cell changes, significant alterations have been identified in the T-cell compartment, including increased counts of CD8+, CD8+CD28-, CCR5+T cells, above and beyond age-related senescent immune remodeling.

Indexed as

Leukocyte CountAgedAged, 80 and overAgingBiomarkersCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesC-Reactive ProteinFemaleHumansImmune SystemInflammationInterleukin-6MaleBiomarkersC-Reactive ProteinInterleukin-6

Identifiers

PMID21093724
PMCPMC3011971

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.