Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21091714›Full record

ReviewAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences2010

The genetics of type 2 diabetes: what have we learned from GWAS?

Liana K Billings, Jose C Florez

Open access · greenAbstract readEvaluation StudyReview
In one paragraph

Review in Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 170 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
170citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
22.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

170 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 391 citations in OpenAlex.

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  13. Semi-supervised Triply Robust Inductive Transfer Learning.Journal of the American Statistical Association · 2025
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110 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Liana K BillingsCenter for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Jose C Florez
Center for Human Genetics · US

Funding

TRAINING PROGRAM IN ENDOCRINOLOGY AND DIABETEST32DK007028 · NIDDK · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI Karen K Miller · 1986 to 2026
$18.5M
NIDDK NIH HHS 5 T32 DK007028-35NIDDK NIH HHS T32 DK007028
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus has been at the forefront of human diseases and phenotypes studied by new genetic analyses. Thanks to genome-wide association studies, we have made substantial progress in elucidating the genetic basis of type 2 diabetes. This review summarizes the concept, history, and recent discoveries produced by genome-wide association studies for type 2 diabetes and glycemic traits, with a focus on the key notions we have gleaned from these efforts. Genome-wide association findings have illustrated novel pathways, pointed toward fundamental biology, confirmed prior epidemiological observations, drawn attention to the role of β-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes, explained ~10% of disease heritability, tempered our expectations with regard to their use in clinical prediction, and provided possible targets for pharmacotherapy and pharmacogenetic clinical trials. We can apply these lessons to future investigation so as to improve our understanding of the genetic basis of type 2 diabetes.

Indexed as

Genome-Wide Association StudyAlgorithmsAnimalsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Gene FrequencyGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenetics, PopulationHumansKnowledgePolymorphism, Single NucleotideQuantitative Trait Loci

Identifiers

PMID21091714
PMCPMC3057517
OpenAlexW2142322476

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.