Trial reportThe New England journal of medicine2010
Preexposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men.
Trial report in The New England journal of medicine, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 20 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 2,889 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Chemoprophylaxis for HIV Prevention in Men
The ADAPT Study: A Phase II, Randomized, Open-Label, Pharmacokinetic and Behavioral Study of the Use of Intermittent Oral Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)
A Phase II Randomized, Double-Blind, Study of the Safety and Tolerability of Maraviroc (MVC), Maraviroc + Emtricitabine (MVC+FTC), Maraviroc + Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (MVC+TDF), or Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate + Emtricitabine (TDF+FTC) For Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) To Prevent HIV Transmission in At-Risk Men Who Have Sex With Men and in At-Risk Women
Implementation of HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP): A Demonstration Project
HPTN 076 - Phase II Safety and Acceptability of an Investigational Injectable Product, TMC278 LA, for Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)
Connecting Resources for Urban Sexual Health
A Multilevel Gaming Intervention for Persons on PrEP
A Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial of Oral Doxycycline for the Prevention of Syphilis in HIV-positive Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM)
Digital Star: HIV Prevention for Youth in Mental Health Treatment
Demonstration Project on the Feasibility to Implement a Pre-Exposure Oral Prophylaxis Program in Men Who Have Sex With Other Men and Transgender Women at Risk of Acquiring HIV
The Time to Protection and Adherence Requirements of Raltegravir With or Without Lamivudine in Protection From HIV Infection
HIV Awal (Early) Testing & Treatment Indonesia Project Implementing 'Test and Treat' Strategies for HIV Treatment and Prevention in Key Populations in Indonesia: a Prospective Implementation Research Study (Phase 1 - Observational Phase)
Developing a Patient Navigation Intervention for PrEP Continuum of Care Among Young Latino MSM (PrEParate)
I-BrEATHe - Interactions Between Antiretrovirals And Transgender Hormones
PrEP Intervention for People Who Inject Substances and Use Methamphetamine
Self-Test Strategies and Linkage Incentives to Improve ART and PrEP Uptake in Men
Urine Tenofovir Point-of-care Test to Identify Patients in Need of ART Adherence Support (UTRA Study)
A Study to Evaluate Clinical Benefits and Drawbacks of Antiretroviral Drugs as Pre-exposure Prophylaxis to Prevent HIV Infection Under Real-life Conditions Among Persons Who Pursue High-risk Sexual Practices: The Seville HIV PrEP Cohort
eSTEP: An Integrated mHealth Intervention to Engage High-risk Individuals Along the Full PrEP Care Continuum
Development of a Predictive Model for Sexually Transmitted Infections in Individuals Using Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for HIV in Spain
Who cites it
2,889 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 5,092 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of Integrating HIV Oral Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) and Family Planning: A Systematic Review of Initial Implementation Efforts in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.AIDS and behavior · 2026Pooled it
- A web of risk: multilevel factors and feedback loops (re)produce HIV 'risk' among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men - a global systematic review.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2026Pooled it
- Interest in and Preference for Long-Acting Injectable Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Among Men Who Have Sex With Men, Trans* Individuals, and Cisgender Heterosexual Women: A Global Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Pooled it
- Guideline
- Canadian guideline on HIV pre- and postexposure prophylaxis: 2025 update.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2025Guideline
- Evolving landscape of economic evaluations of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and pre-exposure prophylaxis implementation strategies: a systematic review.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Pooled it
- Performance of Adherence Measures for Oral, Tenofovir-Based HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis: A Systematic Review.AIDS and behavior · 2025Pooled it
- Barriers and facilitators to engagement with the PrEP care continuum among sexual minority men in China: a systematic review.Sexual health · 2025Pooled it
- Antiretroviral Postexposure Prophylaxis After Sexual, Injection Drug Use, or Other Nonoccupational Exposure to HIV - CDC Recommendations, United States, 2025.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2025Guideline
- PrEPSteps: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Feasibility and Acceptability of a Digital Pill-Based PrEP Adherence Intervention in Men Who Have Sex with Men with Substance Use Disorder.AIDS and behavior · 2026Trial
- Behavioral and Structural Interventions for PrEP Adherence Among Young Female Sex Workers from Western Kenya.AIDS and behavior · 2026Trial
- The safety and tolerability of oral TDF/FTC as pre-exposure prophylaxis among men who have sex with men in China: a prospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- Microcosting the optimization of PrEP implementation among sexual and gender minority individuals with a substance use disorder.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2026Trial
- Improving Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Adherence in People at Risk for HIV: Secondary Analysis of a Digital Health Intervention to Enhance User Engagement.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2026Trial
- Oral preexposure prophylaxis use and the risk of bacterial sexually transmitted infections and HIV among African women: A prospective observational cohort study.PLoS medicine · 2026Trial
- Advancing youth HIV prevention and care in Uganda: stakeholder-informed innovations through implementation science, protocol for a randomized controlled trial.BMC health services research · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Exploring the relationship between HIV Testing frequency and sexual behavior, prevention prophylaxis use among MSM in Southern China.PloS one · 2026Trial
- Characterizing the Role of Neighborhood Disadvantage in a Digital PrEP Intervention for Young Sexual and Gender Minority Men.AIDS and behavior · 2026Trial
- Pharmacokinetics Analysis of Serum and Rectal Tissue Concentrations of a Pair of Anti-HIV Monoclonal Antibodies, VRC01 and VRC01LS, in Adults Without HIV.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Trial
2,829 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
36 authors at 19 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAntiretroviral chemoprophylaxis before exposure is a promising approach for the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition.
methodsWe randomly assigned 2499 HIV-seronegative men or transgender women who have sex with men to receive a combination of two oral antiretroviral drugs, emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC-TDF), or placebo once daily. All subjects received HIV testing, risk-reduction counseling, condoms, and management of sexually transmitted infections.
resultsThe study subjects were followed for 3324 person-years (median, 1.2 years; maximum, 2.8 years). Of these subjects, 10 were found to have been infected with HIV at enrollment, and 100 became infected during follow-up (36 in the FTC-TDF group and 64 in the placebo group), indicating a 44% reduction in the incidence of HIV (95% confidence interval, 15 to 63; P=0.005). In the FTC-TDF group, the study drug was detected in 22 of 43 of seronegative subjects (51%) and in 3 of 34 HIV-infected subjects (9%) (P<0.001). Nausea was reported more frequently during the first 4 weeks in the FTC-TDF group than in the placebo group (P<0.001). The two groups had similar rates of serious adverse events (P=0.57).
conclusionsOral FTC-TDF provided protection against the acquisition of HIV infection among the subjects. Detectable blood levels strongly correlated with the prophylactic effect. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00458393.).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.