SynthesisAllergy2011
Viruses and bacteria in acute asthma exacerbations--a GA² LEN-DARE systematic review.
Synthesis in Allergy, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 158 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
158 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 288 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of respiratory viruses in stable and acute asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Pooled it
- Inhaled corticosteroids and risk of influenza in patients with asthma: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2021Pooled it
- Asthma in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Does Asthma Increase the Mortality of Patients with COVID-19?: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International archives of allergy and immunology · 2021Pooled it
- The Risk of COVID-19 Related Hospitalsation, Intensive Care Unit Admission and Mortality in People With Underlying Asthma or COPD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Efficacy of Macrolides on Acute Asthma or Wheezing Exacerbations in Children with Recurrent Wheezing: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Paediatric drugs · 2020Pooled it
- Antibiotics for exacerbations of asthma.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- The effects of macrolides in children with reactive airway disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Drug design, development and therapy · 2018Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccines in Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2017Pooled it
- INEXAS: A Phase 2 Randomized Trial of On-demand Inhaled Interferon Beta-1a in Severe Asthmatics.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2021Trial
- Azithromycin for episodes with asthma-like symptoms in young children aged 1-3 years: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2016Trial
- The effect of inhaled IFN-β on worsening of asthma symptoms caused by viral infections. A randomized trial.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2014Trial
- From mild-to-moderate to severe asthma: risk factors and patient profiles from the NORDSTAR cohort.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2026Observational
- Article
- Airway mucus in infection.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Respiratory infections and asthma exacerbations in children: Regional insights into the overlooked role of atypical pathogens in Mexico.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2026Article
- Exploring the Potential Benefits of Biologic Therapies Beyond Respiratory Allergy.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2026Review
- Unraveling the mechanisms of virus-induced asthma exacerbation: epithelial injury, immune dysregulation, and novel interventions.Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine · 2025Review
- Beyond respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus: The other viral respiratory bandits.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2025Review
- The usual suspects: Respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus drive asthma development and exacerbation.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2025Review
98 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
45 authors at 20 institutions in 21 countries.
Funding
Abstract
A major part of the burden of asthma is caused by acute exacerbations. Exacerbations have been strongly and consistently associated with respiratory infections. Respiratory viruses and bacteria are therefore possible treatment targets. To have a reasonable estimate of the burden of disease induced by such infectious agents on asthmatic patients, it is necessary to understand their nature and be able to identify them in clinical samples by employing accurate and sensitive methodologies. This systematic review summarizes current knowledge and developments in infection epidemiology of acute asthma in children and adults, describing the known impact for each individual agent and highlighting knowledge gaps. Among infectious agents, human rhinoviruses are the most prevalent in regard to asthma exacerbations. The newly identified type-C rhinoviruses may prove to be particularly relevant. Respiratory syncytial virus and metapneumovirus are important in infants, while influenza viruses seem to induce severe exacerbations mostly in adults. Other agents are relatively less or not clearly associated. Mycoplasma and Chlamydophila pneumoniae seem to be involved more with asthma persistence rather than with disease exacerbations. Recent data suggest that common bacteria may also be involved, but this should be confirmed. Although current information is considerable, improvements in detection methodologies, as well as the wide variation in respect to location, time and populations, underline the need for additional studies that should also take into account interacting factors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.