Trial reportPsychopharmacology2011
Zolpidem and zopiclone impair similarly monotonous driving performance after a single nighttime intake in aged subjects.
Trial report in Psychopharmacology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guideline for evaluating the effects of psychotropic drugs on motor vehicle driving performance in Japan: A tiered approach for the assessment of clinically meaningful driving impairment.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2024Guideline
- Medication use and the risk of motor vehicle collisions among licensed drivers: A systematic review.Accident; analysis and prevention · 2016Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of insomnia treatment with lemborexant in older adults: analyses from three clinical trials.Drugs & aging · 2024Trial
- Residual effects of zopiclone on driving performance using a standardized driving simulator among healthy volunteers.Psychopharmacology · 2022Trial
- The effects of acute treatment with ramelteon, triazolam, and placebo on driving performance, cognitive function, and equilibrium function in healthy volunteers.Psychopharmacology · 2015Trial
- Effects of three therapeutic doses of codeine/paracetamol on driving performance, a psychomotor vigilance test, and subjective feelings.Psychopharmacology · 2013Trial
- Residual Effects of Acute and Subchronic Zolpidem Treatments on Attentional Processes in Aged Female Rats.Fundamental & clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- Z-Drug Use and All-Cause Mortality: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Cohort Studies.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2026Article
- Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics and police-reported motor vehicle crash risk among older adults: a sequential target trial emulation.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- A scoping review of motor vehicle operator performance assessments for benzodiazepine receptor agonists.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2024Article
- On-road driving impairment following sleep deprivation differs according to age.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Insomnia in Elderly Patients: Recommendations for Pharmacological Management.Drugs & aging · 2018Review
- Age, Sex, and Dose Effects of Nonbenzodiazepine Hypnotics on Hip Fracture in Nursing Home Residents.Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · 2018Article
- Benzodiazepines and Z-Drugs: An Updated Review of Major Adverse Outcomes Reported on in Epidemiologic Research.Drugs in R&D · 2017Review
- Observational
- Zolpidem use and motor vehicle collisions in older drivers.Sleep medicine · 2016Article
- A randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled clinical trial to assess the sensitivity of the CRCDS Mini-Sim to the next-day residual effects of zopiclone.Therapeutic advances in drug safety · 2015Article
- Impaired driving performance associated with effect of time duration in patients with primary insomnia.Sleep · 2014Article
- Residual effects of zopiclone 7.5 mg on highway driving performance in insomnia patients and healthy controls: a placebo controlled crossover study.Psychopharmacology · 2014Article
- In the Zzz zone: the effects of Z-drugs on human performance and driving.Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleAlthough hypnotics are primarily used by older people, the residual effects the morning after a single nighttime intake of the two most commonly prescribed hypnotics, zolpidem (Zp) and zopiclone (Zc), on older middle-aged drivers have not been evaluated and compared.
methodsSixteen healthy subjects, 55 to 65 years of age, participated in this double-blind, balanced, cross-over study. Zc (7.5 mg), Zp (10 mg) and flunitrazepam (Fln) (1 mg) or a placebo was administered at each subject's home at 11.00 pm. The next morning, at 9.00 am, the subjects had to drive in a simulated monotonous driving environment for 1 h. During each morning session, two blood samples were collected, and subjective feelings of alertness were completed three times.
resultsIn comparison to placebo, Zp and Zc equivalently and significantly impaired the standard deviation of lateral position, the standard deviation of speed and the number of road exits. Detectable blood concentrations were found with Zp in 11 subjects at 8.30 am and at 1.30 pm. The subjective alertness factor was significantly impaired with Zp.
conclusionsThis is the first study revealing residual effects of Zp on driving performance in ageing drivers which are similar to that of Zc. Studying the effects of medication in different age ranges appears useful to complete the studies on behavioural-pharmacological effects of medication. To reduce the incidence of driving accidents due to prescription drugs, patients should be warned at the time of treatment initiation that they should avoid driving.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.