ArticleJournal of biological inorganic chemistry : JBIC : a publication of the Society of Biological Inorganic Chemistry2011
Chromium is not an essential trace element for mammals: effects of a "low-chromium" diet.
Article in Journal of biological inorganic chemistry : JBIC : a publication of the Society of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 212 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of dietary chromium picolinate supplementation on broiler growth performance: A meta-analysis.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- The Effect of N-Acetyl Cysteine on Serum Lipid Profile and Heavy Metals in Women With Endometriosis Undergoing ICSI: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Small-Molecule Fluorescent Probes for Binding- and Activity-Based Sensing of Redox-Active Biological Metals.Chemical reviews · 2024Review
- What Are the Implications of Cr(III) Serving as an Inhibitor of the Beta Subunit of Mitochondrial ATP Synthase?Biological trace element research · 2024Review
- In Vitro Evaluation of Bioavailability of Cr from Daily Food Rations and Dietary Supplements from the Polish Market.Nutrients · 2024Article
- The mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (Crimea, Black Sea) as a source of essential trace elements in human nutrition.Biological trace element research · 2023Article
- Investigation of Different Nutritional Effects of Dietary Chromium in Fish: A Literature Review.Biological trace element research · 2023Review
- Monitoring of metal content in the tissues of wild boar (Sus scrofa) and its food safety aspect.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2023Article
- Article
- Exposure to essential and non-essential trace elements and risks of congenital heart defects: A narrative review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Review
- Chromium - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023.Food & nutrition research · 2023Article
- The Effects of Chromium and Vanadium on Biomarkers of Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism in Workers Exposed to Coal Fly Ash.Journal of xenobiotics · 2022Article
- Steviol Glycoside, L-Arginine, and Chromium(III) Supplementation Attenuates Abnormalities in Glucose Metabolism in Streptozotocin-Induced Mildly Diabetic Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The risk estimation and assessment of heavy metal exposure by biomonitoring in the breast milk of mothers in the Cukurova Region, Turkey.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Essentiality of Trace Elements in Pregnancy, Fertility, and Gynecologic Cancers-A State-of-the-Art Review.Nutrients · 2021Review
- Bioactive glasses incorporating less-common ions to improve biological and physical properties.Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine · 2021Review
- Mechanism of Cr(VI) reduction by Lysinibacillus sp. HST-98, a newly isolated Cr (VI)-reducing strain.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
- Article
- Ionomic profiling of pericardial fluid in ischemic heart disease.RSC advances · 2020Article
- Exploring Serum Transferrin Regulation of Nonferric Metal Therapeutic Function and Toxicity.Inorganics · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chromium was proposed to be an essential trace element over 50 years ago and has been accepted as an essential element for over 30 years. However, the studies on which chromium's status are based are methodologically flawed. Whether chromium is an essential element has been examined for the first time in carefully controlled metal-free conditions using a series of purified diets containing various chromium contents. Male Zucker lean rats were housed in specially designed metal-free cages for 6 months and fed the AIN-93G diet with no added chromium in the mineral mix component of the diet, the standard AIN-93G diet, the standard AIN-93G diet supplemented with 200 μg Cr/kg, or the standard AIN-93G diet supplemented with 1,000 μg Cr/kg. The chromium content of the diet had no effect on body mass or food intake. Similarly, the chromium content of the diet had no effect on glucose levels in glucose tolerance or insulin tolerance tests. However, a distinct trend toward lower insulin levels under the curve after a glucose challenge was observed with increasing chromium content in the diet; rats on the supplemented AIN-93G diets had significantly lower areas (P < 0.05) than rats on the low-chromium diet. The studies reveal that a diet with as little chromium as reasonably possible had no effect on body composition, glucose metabolism, or insulin sensitivity compared with a chromium-"sufficient" diet. Together with the results of other recent studies, these results clearly indicate that chromium can no longer be considered an essential element.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.